T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Chicken Hepatocytes

Yin, Huadong; Han, Shunshun; Chen, Yuqi; Wang, Yan; Li, Diyan; Zhu, Qing

doi:10.3390/toxins12020090

Cited by 53 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…However, where it was measured, FCR was increased by 11 points [ 159 ], feed intake or BWG were decreased [ 157 , 161 ] or there was no effect of FB1 alone or in combination with DON on growth of broilers [ 156 , 164 ]. In contrast, the impact of T-2 toxin on markers of oxidative distress was measured only in livers [ 158 ] or splenocytes [ 160 ]. In both tissues, T-2 toxin significantly increased ROS and MDA and decreased expression of SOD, CAT, GPX suggesting T-2 has a profound impact on markers of oxidative distress in the liver or spleen.…”

Section: Dietary Oxidative Distress Challenges Models In Poultry Swine and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish

Bacou¹,

Walk

Rider³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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The redox system is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. When redox homeostasis is disrupted through an increase of reactive oxygen species or a decrease of antioxidants, oxidative distress occurs resulting in multiple tissue and systemic responses and damage. Poultry, swine and fish, raised in commercial conditions, are exposed to different stressors that can affect their productivity. Some dietary stressors can generate oxidative distress and alter the health status and subsequent productive performance of commercial farm animals. For several years, researchers used different dietary stressors to describe the multiple and detrimental effects of oxidative distress in animals. Some of these dietary challenge models, including oxidized fats and oils, exposure to excess heavy metals, soybean meal, protein or amino acids, and feeding diets contaminated with mycotoxins are discussed in this review. A better understanding of the oxidative distress mechanisms associated with dietary stressors allows for improved understanding and evaluation of feed additives as mitigators of oxidative distress.

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Section: Dietary Oxidative Distress Challenges Models In Poultry Swine and Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish

Bacou¹,

Walk

Rider³

et al. 2021

Antioxidants

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“…Cytotoxic, hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, and immunotoxic effects, as well as reproductive toxicity and skin toxicity, have been reported for both T-2 and DON. In vivo hepatotoxic effects have been reported on mice in case of DON [ 68 ] and on broilers in case of T-2 [ 69 ]. Neurotoxic effects in vivo have been reported on chicks in case of DON [ 70 ] and on rats in case of T-2 [ 71 ].…”

Section: The Most Significant Mycotoxins In Milk Thistle-based Diementioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of Mycotoxins in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Food Supplements: A Review

Pickova

Ostrý

Toman

et al. 2020

Toxins

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The consumption of herbal-based supplements, which are believed to have beneficial effects on human health with no side effects, has become popular around the world and this trend is still increasing. Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn, commonly known as milk thistle (MT), is the most commonly studied herb associated with the treatment of liver diseases. The hepatoprotective effects of active substances in silymarin, with silybin being the main compound, have been demonstrated in many studies. However, MT can be affected by toxigenic micro-fungi and contaminated by mycotoxins with adverse effects. The beneficial effect of silymarin can thus be reduced or totally antagonized by mycotoxins. MT has proven to be affected by micro-fungi of the Fusarium and Alternaria genera, in particular, and their mycotoxins. Alternariol-methyl-ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), beauvericin (BEA), deoxynivalenol (DON), enniatin A (ENNA), enniatin A1 (ENNA1), enniatin B (ENNB), enniatin B1 (ENNB1), HT-2 toxin (HT-2), T-2 toxin (T-2), tentoxin (TEN), and zearalenone (ZEA) seem to be most significant in MT-based dietary supplements. This review focuses on summarizing cases of mycotoxins in MT to emphasize the need for strict monitoring and regulation, as mycotoxins in relation with MT-based dietary supplements are not covered by European Union legislation.

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“…Additionally, T2 induced oxidative stress and DNA damage with a time-dependent signi cant increase in p53 expression and activation of the apoptotic process via caspase-3 in human cervical cancer cells [12]. Furthermore, both the T2 and HT-2 toxin induced apoptosis in chondrocytes by increasing oxidative stress, which caused the activation of Bax, caspase-3, and caspase-9 [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Low-concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells

Xiong

Tan

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Pseudorabies, caused by pseudorabies virus (PRV), is the main highly infectious disease that severely affects the pig industry globally. T-2 toxin (T2), a significant mycotoxin, is widely spread in food and feeds and shows high toxicity to mammals. The potential mechanism of the interaction between viruses and toxins is of great research value because revealing this mechanism may provide new ideas for their joint prevention and control. In this study, we investigated the effect of T2 on PRV replication and the mechanism of action. The results showed that at a low dose (10 nM) T2 had no significant effect on porcine kidney 15 (PK15) cell viability. However, this T2 concentration alleviated PRV-induced cell injury and increased cell survival time. Additionally, the number of PK15 cells infected with PRV was significantly reduced by T2 treatment. Similarly, T2 significantly decreased the copy number of PRV. Investigation of the mechanism revealed that 10 nM T2 significantly inhibited PRV replication and led to downregulation of oxidative stress- and apoptosis-related genes. These results suggest that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the inhibition of PRV replication in PK15 cells by low-concentration T2. Taken together, we demonstrated the protective effects of T2 against PRV infection. A low T2 concentration inhibited the replication of PRV in PK15 cells, and this process was accompanied by downregulation of by the oxidative stress and apoptosis signaling pathways. Our findings partly explain the interaction mechanism between T2 and PRV, relating to oxidative stress and apoptosis, though further research is required.

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T-2 Toxin Induces Oxidative Stress, Apoptosis and Cytoprotective Autophagy in Chicken Hepatocytes

Cited by 53 publications

References 38 publications

Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish

Dietary Oxidative Distress: A Review of Nutritional Challenges as Models for Poultry, Swine and Fish

Presence of Mycotoxins in Milk Thistle (Silybum marianum) Food Supplements: A Review

Low-concentration T-2 Toxin Attenuates Pseudorabies Virus Replication in Porcine Kidney 15 Cells

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