Systemic mycoses in immunodepressed patients (AIDS)

Ramos‐e‐Silva, Márcia; Lima, Cíntia Maria Oliveira; Schechtman, Regina Casz; Trope, Beatriz Moritz; Carneiro, Sueli

doi:10.1016/j.clindermatol.2012.01.008

Cited by 57 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…It is seldom chronic but may be lethal if not treated promptly. 8,9 In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients, particularly those patients living in endemic areas, the mycosis may be the result of recent infection, reactivation of a latent infection, or reinfection. Nowadays, despite the increased use of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), histoplasmosis remains an AIDS-defining illness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Culture and Serological Tests in the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in HIV and non-HIV Colombian Patients

Arango-Bustamante¹,

Restrepo

Cano

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We determined the value of culture and serological tests used to diagnose histoplasmosis. The medical records of 391 histoplasmosis patients were analyzed. Diagnosis of the mycosis was assessed by culture, complement fixation, and immunodiffusion tests; 310 patients (79.5%) were male, and 184 patients (47.1%) were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Positivity value for cultures was 35.7% (74/207), reactivity of serological tests was 95.2% (160/168), and a combination of both methodologies was 16.9% (35/207) for non-HIV patients. Positivity value for cultures was 75.0% (138/184), reactivity of serological tests was 92.4% (85/92), and a combination of both methodologies was 26.0% (48/184) for HIV/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients; 48.1% (102/212) of extrapulmonary samples from HIV/AIDS patients yielded positive cultures compared with 23.1% (49/212) in non-HIV patients. Lymphocyte counts made for 33.1% (61/184) of HIV/AIDS patients showed a trend to low CD4+ numbers and higher proportion of positive cultures. These results indicate that culture is the most reliable fungal diagnostic method for HIV/AIDS patients, and contrary to what is generally believed, serological assays are useful for diagnosing histoplasmosis in these patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Value of Culture and Serological Tests in the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in HIV and non-HIV Colombian Patients

Arango-Bustamante¹,

Restrepo

Cano

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…Histoplasmosis is a severe infection that affects millions of patients worldwide and is endemic in the Americas (4,11). The disease is caused by H. capsulatum var.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The disease is caused by H. capsulatum var. capsulatum, a soil-inhabiting fungal species that is usually found in association with bird or bat droppings (11). Respiratory and/or disseminated disease occurs after the inhalation of infectious microconidia, which convert to a yeast-like form within the lung parenchyma (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, amphotericin B is the primary choice for induction therapy in moderate and severe cases of histoplasmosis, while long-term therapy with itraconazole is recommended for treating milder infections (11). Although both drugs are considered efficient, some disadvantages can arise during therapy: nephrotoxicity may occur in up to 33% of patients treated with amphotericin B (12), therapeutic levels of itraconazole may not be attained in the cerebrospinal fluid of some patients (11), and significantly reduced blood serum levels of itraconazole have been detected in HIV patients when this antifungal is coadministered with lopinavir and other protease inhibitors (13).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Antifungal Activity In Vitro of Isoniazid Derivatives against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

Cordeiro¹,

Marques²,

Cordeiro³

et al. 2014

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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f Histoplasmosis is a severe infection that affects millions of patients worldwide and is endemic in the Americas. Amphotericin B (AMB) and itraconazole are highly effective for the treatment of severe and milder forms of the disease, but AMB is toxic, and the bioavailability of itraconazole is erratic. Therefore, it is important to investigate new classes of drugs for histoplasmosis treatment. In this study, a series of nine isoniazid hydrazone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antifungal activities in vitro against the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum. The drugs were tested by microdilution in accordance with CLSI guidelines. The compound N=-(1-phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide had the lowest MIC range of all the compounds for the yeast and filamentous forms of H. capsulatum. The in vitro synergy of this compound with AMB against the planktonic and biofilm forms of H. capsulatum cells was assessed by the checkerboard method. The effects of this hydrazone on cellular ergosterol content and membrane integrity were also investigated. The study showed that the compound alone is able to reduce the ergosterol content of planktonic cells and can alter the membrane permeability of the fungus. Furthermore, the compound alone or in combination with AMB showed inhibitory effects against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum. N=-(1-Phenylethylidene)isonicotinohydrazide alone or combined with AMB might be of interest in the management of histoplasmosis.

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“…Although the histopathological test is relatively rapid and available to diagnosis invasive fungal disease, atypical morphological features cause problems in accurate identification [41]. Nowadays, the increasing incidence of IFIs in immunocompromised patients emphasizes the need to improve diagnostic tools [42].…”

Section: Fungi Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious diseases detection by microarray: An overview of clinical relevant infections

Herrera-Rodríguez¹,

Elizondo-Quiroga²,

Álvarez-Maya³

2013

JBiSE

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Microarray technology is a powerful tool to investigate whole genome expression profiles to study the crosstalk between pathogens and associated hosts that cause illness. Microarrays have been used in several comparative genome hybridization studies of pathogens. In addition to detection and identification of pathogens, microarrays are ideal for characterizing genetic differences between bacteria isolates of the same species to the strain level. Furthermore, the use of microarrays has been gaining importance in the detection of viral agents. Here we explore the use of microarrays for simultaneous detection of viruses and modifications made over these techniques. Microarray technology has also been incorporated to compensate for time-consuming sequencing. The procedure of fungi identification based on sequences and studies reported the use of microarrays to identify pathogenic yeasts and molds by targeting the internal transcribed spacer regions in fungal rRNA genes. The remarkable advancement in genomics over the last decade has made it possible for microarray technology to evolve towards being the best option for clinical diagnostics because they have several advantages.

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Systemic mycoses in immunodepressed patients (AIDS)

Cited by 57 publications

References 78 publications

Diagnostic Value of Culture and Serological Tests in the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in HIV and non-HIV Colombian Patients

Diagnostic Value of Culture and Serological Tests in the Diagnosis of Histoplasmosis in HIV and non-HIV Colombian Patients

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity In Vitro of Isoniazid Derivatives against Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum

Infectious diseases detection by microarray: An overview of clinical relevant infections

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