Systemic lupus erythematosus: clinical features in patients with a disease duration of over 10 years, first evaluation1

Abstract

After 10 yr, a high proportion of patients in our cohort continued to show evidence of active disease, defined by the SLEDAI as well as ECLAM. The DI was related to the involvement of the central nervous system, renal involvement and the presence of hypertension.

Outcomes in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus with and without a prolonged serologically active clinically quiescent period

“…Swaak et al described outcomes of lupus patients followed at 10 European rheumatology centers with a disease duration of greater than 10 years who were also similar to the patients in our study with respect to age at diagnosis and the percentage who were female (19). They documented the cumulative damage using the SDI attributable to both lupus itself and to treatment with corticosteroids (19). At a disease duration of 16 years in the cohort studied by Swaak et al (the mean duration at study entry), the SDI score attributable to SLE was 2.8, and the SDI attributable to SLE and some (but not all) corticosteroid-related damage was 3.7.…”

“…Furthermore, most of the damage at inception in our cohort was definitely or possibly attributable to corticosteroid use (Table 4). Swaak et al described outcomes of lupus patients followed at 10 European rheumatology centers with a disease duration of greater than 10 years who were also similar to the patients in our study with respect to age at diagnosis and the percentage who were female (19). They documented the cumulative damage using the SDI attributable to both lupus itself and to treatment with corticosteroids (19).…”

“…The SDI is the preferred method for measuring nonreversible damage related to disease activity and drug toxicity and has been shown to be valid and reproducible (12)(13)(14); CAD and renal damage have been consistently correlated with disease activity (2,(15)(16)(17)(18). As SLE treatment contributes significantly to morbidity and damage over time (12,19), we then subdivided damage into the categories of definitely attributable to, possibly attributable to, and independent of corticosteroid use.…”

An exploration of patient-reported symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus and the relationship to health-related quality of life

“…Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease with individual variation of organ involvement (e.g., skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system and serous membranes) (1). Disease activity often varies over time and subjective symptoms are described as being prominent (2,3).…”

Outcomes and prognosis in systemic lupus erythematosus

“…По данным A.J. Swaak et al [57], 72% больных с продолжи тельностью заболевания более 10 лет, несмотря на лечение, имеют признаки активности болезни, которая проявляется, в основном, поражением кожи, почек и костно-мышечной системы. У пациентов, не имевших обострений после по становки диагноза, 10-летняя выживаемость составляет 100%, тогда как при наличии 1, 2 или 3 обострений за пе риод наблюдения выживаемость снижается до 91%, 69% и 33% соответственно [56].…”