Systemic Action of an Insect Feeding Deterrent

Gill, J. S.; Lewis, Clive J.

doi:10.1038/232402a0

Cited by 105 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Juss., Meliaceae and the chinaberry tree Melia azadirachta L. The antifeedant activity of this natural product was described previously by Gill and Lewis. [32] In general, our results show that the [Ace]…”

Section: ) Total Coefficient Of Deterrencymentioning

confidence: 87%

Choline‐Derivative‐Based Ionic Liquids

Pernak

Syguda

Mirska

et al. 2007

Chemistry A European J

180

149

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A total of sixty-three choline derivative-based ionic liquids in the forms of chlorides, acesulfamates, and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides have been prepared and their physical properties (density, viscosity, solubility, and thermal stability) have been determined. Thirteen of these salts are known chlorides: precursors to the 26 water-soluble acesulfamates, 12 acesulfamates only partially miscible with water, and 12 water-insoluble imides. The crystal structures for two of the chloride salts-(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylundecyloxymethylammonium chloride and cyclododecyloxymethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium chloride-were determined. The antimicrobial (cocci, rods, and fungi) activities of the new hydrophilic acesulfamate-based ILs were measured and 12 were found to be active. The alkoxymethyl(2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium acesulfamates have been shown to be insect feeding deterrents and thus open up a new generation of synthetic deterrents based on ionic liquids. The alkoxymethyl(2-decanoyloxyethyl)dimethylammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imides have also been shown to act as fixatives for soft tissues and can furthermore be used as substitutes for formalin and also preservatives for blood.

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Section: ) Total Coefficient Of Deterrencymentioning

confidence: 87%

Choline‐Derivative‐Based Ionic Liquids

Pernak

Syguda

Mirska

et al. 2007

Chemistry A European J

180

149

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“…Laboratory and field experiments have shown that compost application stimulates the biological activity of soils, increasing the populations of antagonistic organisms of pathogens such as Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus spp., saprophagous and bacteriophagous nematodes, and plant-parasitic fungi (Riegel & Noe 2000;Chavarria-Carvajal et al 2001). Active neem constituents can be absorbed through plant roots and systemically move upward through the plant through xylem tissues (Gill & Lewis 1971;Larew 1988;Osman & Port 1990;Nisbet et al 1993). These active constituents work best when sufficient quantities are applied to the crop root zone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of neem compost on root knot nematode pest of Lagos spinach,Celosia argentea

Olabiyi

Atungwu

Izuogu

et al. 2013

Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection

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The effects of neem compost on root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, pest of Lagos spinach, Celosia argentea, cv. TLV 8, was studied during 2010 and 2011 planting seasons on the field. The trial was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria. There were four treatments, replicated five times fitted into randomised complete block design. Neem compost was applied at 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 tonnes/ha. Experimental plots, where no compost was applied served as the control. The result obtained shows that Lagos spinach treated with neem compost significantly ( p < 0.05) reduced the final soil nematode population and root infections (damage), with resultant improvement on crop growth and yield. The result of the chemical analysis of the neem compost revealed the presence of flavonoids, sterols, glycosides, alkaloids and saponins.

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“…The results will be published elsewhere; however, untreated foliage was usually completely destroyed, and leaves protected with neem remained untouched or showed extremely slight feeding. Both azadirachtin and ethanolic and aqueous extracts of neem seeds were absorbed by the roots of bean plants and translocated into the foliage, and plants so treated were shunned by locusts (Gill & Lewis, 1971). Bean seeds soaked in neem seed extracts gave seedlings that were protected from damage by locusts, and systemic uptake (without phytotoxicity) was demonstrated in wheat, barley, rice, sugar cane, tomatoes, cotton, chrysanthemums, and small spindle trees after 1% neem seed dust was applied to the soil in which the crop plants were growing.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Insect Feeding Deterrents From Certain Weed and Crop Plants

Jacobson¹,

Reed

Crystal³

et al. 1978

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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Concentrations of 0.01-1.0% of a hexane extract of the seed of neem, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., and several of its chromatographic fractions significantly deterred feeding by three species of scale insects, citrus red mites, and woolly whiteflies. An ether extract of the hexane-extracted seed reduced egg deposition by driedfruit beetles, the ether and ethanol extracts repelled adults and larvae of this insect, and the hexane extract repelled only adults.A concentration of 1% of a pentane extract of the nuts of tung, Aleuritesfordii Hemsl., considerably deterred feeding by adult boll weevils; a concentration of 0.1% of an ether extract of the defatted nuts reduced feeding by striped cucumber beetles and plum curculios; and a concentration of 0.2% reduced feeding by spotted cucumber beetles. Also, these extracts, and ethanolic and aqueous extracts as well deterred feeding by larvae of the codling moth and redbanded leafroller.Several polar and nonpolar components of neem seeds and tung nuts appear to be responsible for the antifeedant properties of these plant materials.Crop damage and loss due to feeding by insect larvae and adults is estimated to total billions of dollars each year in the United States alone. It is therefore imperative that safe, biodegradable substitutes for chemical insecticides be discovered. The United States Department of Agriculture has pioneered in chemical and biological research on insect resistance in plants for many years (Schalk & Ratcliffe, 1977) and now has embarked on an intensive program to develop insect feeding deterrents known to occur naturally in many plants growing as weeds or in crops used for food or fiber.Research in this field in our laboratories involves the isolation, identification, and evaluation of a number of insect antifeedants known to be present in the Indian neem tree, Azadiraehta indica A. Juss. (formerly a synonym of Melia azadirachta (L.)), family Meliaceae, and in the fruit of the tung tree, Aleuritesfordii Hemsl., family Euphorbiaceae.

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Systemic Action of an Insect Feeding Deterrent

Cited by 105 publications

References 4 publications

Choline‐Derivative‐Based Ionic Liquids

Choline‐Derivative‐Based Ionic Liquids

Efficacy of neem compost on root knot nematode pest of Lagos spinach,Celosia argentea

Chemistry and Biological Activity of Insect Feeding Deterrents From Certain Weed and Crop Plants

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