Systematische Gefügeuntersuchungen am martensitaushärtenden Stahl X 2 NiCoMo 13 15 10

Abstract

An dem als höchstfest bekannten martensitaushärtenden Stahl X 2 NiCoMo 13 15 10 wurden die Ausscheidungs‐ und Umwandlungsvorgänge untersucht. Neben der Licht‐ und Rasterelektronenmikroskopie kam dabei vor allem der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie die entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Der Einfluß verschiedener Wärmebehandlungen auf das Gefüge wurde durch die Messung der Härte, durch Röntgenbeugung, durch Röntgenmikroanalyse und durch dilatometrische Untersuchungen verfolgt. Die ermittelten Ergebnisse wurden zur Herstellung von Präzisionskaltband auf die betriebliche Wärmebehandlung übertragen.

A Short Review on Ultra-High-Strength Maraging Steels and Future Perspectives

“…It is worth mentioning that the YS of 400 ksi (2760 MPa) seems to represent an upper boundary for the maraging steels with 18%Ni 23 and that the lower limit for the 13%Ni-15%Co-Mo-Ti 12,13,24 maraging steels. The characteristics and particularities of the precipitation hardening of these new ultra-high-strength maraging steels have been studied with the help of transmission electron microscopy 12,24,26,27 and have shown that after aging the reiterated presence of three types of nanometric sized precipitates: (Ni,Fe) 3 (Mo,Ti); μ-(Fe,Co) 7 Mo 6 and the Laves phase (Fe,Co) 2 (Mo,Ti). On the other hand, several characteristics of the phase transformations and the hardening mechanisms acting in this new class of maraging steels require complementary and more detailed studies.…”

“…With the passing years, thoughts were to increase even more the strength of maraging steels. The base composition should be modified deriving 12,24,25 maraging steels with a YS in the order of 3 GPa, using the Fe-13%Ni-15%Co-10%Mo-Ti base composition. This new class of steels, commercially available since the '80s, became known popularly as maraging 400 and 450 steels.…”

Influence of Mo Content on the Precipitation Behavior of 13Ni Maraging Ultra-High Strength Steels

“…Our study was about 13Ni maraging steel, an ultra-high-strength maraging Metals 2023, 13,1929 2 of 13 steel with a base composition of Fe-13Ni-15Co-10Mo-1Ti (wt.%), also known as maraging 400, and it can achieve a yield strength of 3 GPa (as reported in the literature) [1,[6][7][8][9]. The primary approach used to achieve these high mechanical strength values in 13Ni maraging steels is the increase in the volume fraction of precipitates, thereby enhancing the hardening effect through higher molybdenum and titanium contents in the steel [3,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Molybdenum directly participates in the formation of precipitates, while cobalt synergistically reduces the solubility of molybdenum in the matrix [4,16,17].…”

“…The most conventional and widely used commercially is the 18Ni maraging steel, which consists of Fe-18Ni- (8)(9)Co- (3)(4)(5)Mo-(<1)Ti (wt.%) and has a yield strength of approximately 1.7 GPa. Our study was about 13Ni maraging steel, an ultra-high-strength maraging Metals 2023, 13,1929 2 of 13 steel with a base composition of Fe-13Ni-15Co-10Mo-1Ti (wt.%), also known as maraging 400, and it can achieve a yield strength of 3 GPa (as reported in the literature) [1,[6][7][8][9].…”

“…The most conventional and widely used commercially is the 18Ni maraging steel, which consists of Fe-18Ni- (8)(9)Co- (3)(4)(5)Mo-(<1)Ti (wt.%) and has a yield strength of approximately 1.7 GPa. Our study was about 13Ni maraging steel, an ultra-high-strength maraging Metals 2023, 13,1929 2 of 13 steel with a base composition of Fe-13Ni-15Co-10Mo-1Ti (wt.%), also known as maraging 400, and it can achieve a yield strength of 3 GPa (as reported in the literature) [1,[6][7][8][9]. The primary approach used to achieve these high mechanical strength values in 13Ni maraging steels is the increase in the volume fraction of precipitates, thereby enhancing the hardening effect through higher molybdenum and titanium contents in the steel [3,4,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”