A Short Review on Ultra-High-Strength Maraging Steels and Future Perspectives

Fonseca, Daniela Passarelo Moura da; Feitosa, Ana Larissa Melo; Carvalho, Leandro Gomes de; Plaut, Ronald Lesley; Padilha, Angelo Fernando

doi:10.1590/1980-5373-mr-2020-0470

Cited by 34 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…In this process, a nonconsumable tungsten electrode is used to produce the weld. 69,70 A shielding gas is used to protect the weld area and electrode. In the case of welding of maraging steel, the most commonly used shielding gas is argon.…”

Section: Similar Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current research and developments in welding of 18% nickel maraging steel

Jose

Manoharan

Natarajan

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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Maraging steels are low-carbon, high nickel-containing precipitation-hardened steels with an excellent combination of strength and toughness. Their outstanding performance gained the increasing attention of scientists, industrialists, and end-users over the past six decades. The present global rapid growth in the consumption of maraging steel, particularly in aerospace, defense and other engineering applications, involves the fabrication of high-performance welded joints. Maraging steels offer relatively high flexibility from the welding point of view. Gas tungsten arc welding is the most preferred welding process for maraging steels. As the need for increased productivity is growing worldwide in many fields, such as aerospace, mechanical engineering, etc., where thick sections are used, issues like heat input, inter-pass temperature, cooling rate, and the selection of weld consumables become important for achieving defect-free joints. Many advanced techniques like plasma, laser, and hybrid welding processes are being developed to fulfil the requirements for joining higher thickness products without distortion. The major problem associated with welding maraging steel is the formation of reverted austenite in the fusion zone and the heat-affected zone. This problem can be mitigated by choosing optimized filler wires and the proper selection of post-weld heat treatment for the weldments. This paper extensively reviews the influence of welding processes and conditions on the microstructure and mechanical properties of maraging steels with due emphasis to structure–property relationships.

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Section: Similar Weldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current research and developments in welding of 18% nickel maraging steel

Jose

Manoharan

Natarajan

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L:

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“…A high dislocation density is detected within the lath martensite. A large number of nano-sized spherical, rod-like, or needle-like precipitates Ni 3 (Mo, Ti) are uniformly dispersed in the lath martensite, and this is almost universally accepted [2,3,5,6].…”

Section: Materials and Experimental Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely used in military and heavy industry [1][2][3]. A series of new steel with comprehensive mechanical properties close to that of maraging steel has been developed and studied [4][5][6][7]. However, studies have mainly focused on the mechanical properties and microstructure of tested steel but rarely on their fatigue properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Novel Low-Carbon Martensitic Steel to Maraging Steel in Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior

Xia

Zhang

et al. 2022

Coatings

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The study systematically compares the low-cycle fatigue (LCF) behaviors of novel martensitic steel (22MnSi2CrMoNi) and maraging steel (00Ni18Co9Mo4Ti). Results show that the two types of tested steel have a similar cyclic deformation behavior. The cyclic softening resistance of 22MnSi2CrMoNi steel is slightly inferior to that of 00Ni18Co9Mo4Ti steel at a low total strain amplitude. However, the gap gradually disappears with the increase of the total strain amplitude. At the same plastic strain amplitude, the LCF lifetime of 22MnSi2CrMoNi steel is higher than that of 00Ni18Co9Mo4Ti steel. The retained austenite film between martensite lath and the existence of precipitated phase in matrix can effectively improve the fatigue lifetime of the two types of tested steel.

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“…Considering the relatively high cost of nickel and microalloy additions to these steels, the circular economy possible with additive manufacturing (AM) provides material savings, inasmuch as the recycling of the 18Ni maraging steel powder promises [4]. Additive processing of 18Ni maraging steels is also of avid interest for architecting conformal channels [5,6] for transpiration cooling, so as to mitigate partial reversion of martensite into austenite [7], as well as the accompanying strength losses and geometric instabilities [5,[8][9][10][11], especially during cyclic/extended service at elevated temperatures. To date, this improved cooling efficiency-which was made possible in maraging steel parts designed with novel conformal channels and fabricated using metal AM technologies (particularly with LPBF processing)-has reduced process cycle times in injection molding [12] of plastics and, more recently, in high-pressure die casting of metals [13], where the pressures and temperatures are significantly greater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Maraging Steel Produced Using Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing

Sarafan

Wanjara

Gholipour

et al. 2021

JMMP

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Hybrid manufacturing is often used to describe a combination of additive and subtractive processes in the same build envelope. In this research study, hybrid manufacturing of 18Ni-300 maraging steel was investigated using a Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system that integrates metal additive manufacturing using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) processing with high-speed machining. A series of benchmarking coupons were additively printed at four different power levels (160 W, 240 W, 320 W, 380 W) and with the integration of sequential machining passes after every 10 deposited layers, as well as final finishing of selected surfaces. Using non-contact three-dimensional laser scanning, inspection of the final geometry of the 18Ni-300 maraging steel coupons against the computer-aided design (CAD) model indicated the good capability of the Matsuura LUMEX Avance-25 system for net-shape manufacturing. Linear and areal roughness measurements of the surfaces showed average Ra/Sa values of 8.02–14.64 µm for the as-printed walls versus 0.32–0.80 µm for the machined walls/faces. Using Archimedes and helium (He) gas pycnometry methods, the part density was measured to be lowest for coupons produced at 160 W (relative density of 93.3–98.5%) relative to those at high power levels of 240 W to 380 W (relative density of 99.0–99.8%). This finding agreed well with the results of the porosity size distribution determined through X-ray micro-computed tomography (µCT). Evaluation of the static tensile properties indicated that the coupons manufactured at the lowest power of 160 W were ~30% lower in strength, 24% lower in stiffness, and more than 80% lower in ductility relative to higher power conditions (240 W to 380 W) due to the lower density at 160 W.

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A Short Review on Ultra-High-Strength Maraging Steels and Future Perspectives

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Current research and developments in welding of 18% nickel maraging steel

Current research and developments in welding of 18% nickel maraging steel

Comparison of Novel Low-Carbon Martensitic Steel to Maraging Steel in Low-Cycle Fatigue Behavior

Evaluation of Maraging Steel Produced Using Hybrid Additive/Subtractive Manufacturing

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