Systematic Modeling and Analysis of On-Board Vehicle Integrated Novel Hybrid Renewable Energy System with Storage for Electric Vehicles

Abstract

The automobile industry and technology are putting a great significance in improving vehicles to become more fuel economical, but with incremental costs relative to conventional vehicle technologies; these new vehicles are electric vehicles (EV), plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). However, their significant capabilities to reduce petroleum consumption and achieve efficiency over their life cycles offer economic benefits for customers, industry, carmakers, and policymakers. In this paper, an HEV concept based on renewable energy resources (RERs) is proposed. The proposed HEV design utilizes solar PV energy, wind energy, fuel cell, and a supercapacitor (PV + WE + FC + SC) which generates electrical energy via a proton exchange membrane (PEM) and an SC to cater for strong torque requirements. The vehicle incorporates a battery pack in conjunction with an SC for the power demands and an FC as the backup energy supply. An alternator connected to turbine blades runs by wind energy while the car is moving forward, which produces electricity through the alternator to charge the battery. The design aims to ensure zero carbon emission and improved energy efficiency, is lightweight, and incorporates in-wheel motors to eliminate the mechanical transmissions. Modeling and simulation were carried out for each subsystem using MATLAB® and Simulink® packages. ANSYS Fluent simulation was used to analyze wind energy. The standard analysis, e.g., pressure, velocity, and vector contour, were also considered while designing the final model. To regulate the power supply and demand, the selection of energy sources was controlled by a rule-based supervisory controller following a logical sequence that prioritizes energy sources with the SC as a source in-vehicle stop-and-go situations while the battery acts as the primary source, FC as a backup supply, and wind and solar power to recharge the battery. Solar charging is switched on automatically once the vehicle is parked, and the controller controls the energy flow from the alternator during that period.

A review of battery energy storage systems for ancillary services in distribution grids: Current status, challenges and future directions

“…The traditional power distribution grids were designed considering unidirectional power flow, typically from high voltage or medium voltage transformers to the end-users connected via distribution lines Prakash et al (2016Prakash et al ( , 2017a. The recent advents of distributed RESs have caused bidirectional power flow in distribution grids, leading to voltage issues in the network Alyami et al (2014); Prakash et al (2019); Mamun et al (2022); Chand et al (2019). The intermittent renewable energy connected to the power grids must meet the voltage requirements and standards to guarantee that the nominal grid voltages operate within limits Prakash et al (2022a).…”

Editorial: Sustainable planning and lifecycle thinking of energy infrastructure

“…Energy infrastructure projects have seen many technological advancements in recent years, especially from an application point of view in various other infrastructure sectors. As a result, systems like renewable-powered desalination (Vishnupriyan et al, 2021), agrivoltaics , grapevoltaics (Nallapaneni and Chopra, 2021a;Kumar and Chopra, 2023), vehicle-integrated photovoltaics (Mamun et al, 2022), floating solar (Kumar et al, 2022), urban wind turbines (Dilimulati et al, 2018), integrated renewables-battery energy storage systems (Cucchiella et al, 2017) and others have become popular and created interdependencies in the context of climate change mitigation and decarbonization (Zhongming et al, 2018). Such interdependencies suggest the need for effective planning and better implementation of energy infrastructure to ensure the competitiveness of the energy and the other dependent sectors.…”

Optimization Model of Electric Vehicles Charging and Discharging Strategy Considering the Safe Operation of Distribution Network

“…There has been some literature on the development of electric vehicle technology and the optimal scheduling of electric vehicles loads. An hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) concept based on renewable energy resources (RERs) was introduced by Mamun et al [16]. The proposed HEV design utilizes solar photovoltaic energy, wind energy, fuel cells, and a supercapacitor (PV + WE + FC + SC), which generates electrical energy via a proton exchange membrane (PEM) and an SC to cater for strong torque requirements.…”