A review of battery energy storage systems for ancillary services in distribution grids: Current status, challenges and future directions

Abstract

Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) are essential for increasing distribution network performance. Appropriate location, size, and operation of BESS can improve overall network performance. The appropriately scaled and installed BESS helps meet peak energy demand, improve the advantages of integrating renewable and distributed energy sources, improve power quality control, and lower the cost of expanding or re-configuring the distribution networks. This paper investigates the feasibility of BESS for providing short-term and long-term ancillary services in power distribution grids by reviewing the developments and limitations in the last decade (2010–2022). The short-term ancillary services are reviewed for voltage support, frequency regulation, and black start. The long-term ancillary services are reviewed for peak shaving, congestion relief, and power smoothing. Reviewing short-term ancillary services provides renewable energy operators and researchers with a vast range of recent BESS-based methodologies for fast response services to distribution grids. Long-term ancillary services will provide the distributed network system operators and researchers with current BESS-based bulk-energy methods to improve network reliability and power quality and maximize revenue from renewable energy generation. The review presents a list of energy storage policies and BESS projects worldwide with a cost-benefit analysis. The challenges for deploying BESS in distribution grids recommended solutions for the implementation challenges, and future research directions are also presented.

Strategic Guidelines for Battery Energy Storage System Deployment: Regulatory Framework, Incentives, and Market Planning

“…The work [40], one of the most relevant in mapping confirmed cases of BESS performance in deregulated markets for the commercialization of energy services and network services, reinforces the research carried out in the DOE Global Energy Storage Database of Lab SANDIA. As presented in Figure 7, among the five most popular services in energy choice markets are four of those found in the statistics carried out on SANDIA's worldwide database, namely, in this order of frequency of occurrence: peak shaving, frequency response, RES support, and energy arbitrage.…”

Battery Storage Use in the Value Chain of Power Systems

“…To address these issues, the ESS, especially battery energy storage systems (BESSs), is a potential solution that can contribute to grid stability. The BESS offers many solutions, including suitable auxiliary services such as backup power supply, supporting peaking capacity, and facilitating energy shifting [6]. BESSs are also important for solving structural problems in the power grid and improving its stability [7][8][9][10].…”

“…Over recent years, research and development have demonstrated the significant evolution of grid ancillary services. These research studies have focused on various crucial services required by the grid, including the integration of RES and BESS, the impact of high-voltage and direct-current (HVDC) grids on ancillary services, the utilization of electric vehicle grid integration systems (EVGI) and the evaluation of grid performance [6,7,[69][70][71]. The exploration of distributed energy resource (DES) interconnection codes with PV inverters has also been assessed [72].…”

Strategic interaction between wholesale and ancillary service markets

“…One emerging technology, battery storage, is playing an increasing role in AS markets. The technical opportunities and challenges of battery storage has been considered in other studies (Prakash et al, 2022). For the purposes of our analysis, the impact of battery storage will depend on who owns and operates this capacity.…”