System performance improvements by codirectional Raman pumping of the transmission fiber

Krummrich, Peter M.; Neuhauser, R.E.; Bock, H.; Fischler, W.; Glingener, C.

doi:10.1109/ecoc.2001.988843

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…This variation in signal power profiles requires that the fit function (20) be calculated on a per-signal basis. P NL should also be calculated on a per-signal basis as described in [36] rather than using the simpler formula (18). One possible simplification is to average the forward Raman signal profiles and use just a single fit function with (18) and (21) which is in reasonable agreement with the more accurate per-channel method.…”

Section: B Forward Raman Transmission Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The total NF including both forward and backward Raman and an EDFA at the end of the span is (L span > 30 dB) The OSNR improvement for the case of 10 dB forward Raman gain and the backward Raman of case (c) is about 15 dB compared to the case without Raman (10 dB from the forward Raman). This comparison is not quite fair as it does not take into account the limitations in transmit power due to nonlinear penalties [18]. In the following sections, this effect will be taken into account.…”

Section: Forward Raman Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Pelouch¹

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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Raman amplification has been commercially utilized in optical transmission systems for more than a decade. The drive towards higher spectral density has increased the interest in Raman to improve system performance. This tutorial reviews the benefits of Raman amplification, defines methods to analyze system performance, and describes the issues involved with system deployment and operation.Index Terms-Distributed amplifiers, optical fiber amplifiers, Raman scattering, optical fiber communications, optical fiber networks, coherent communications. 0733-8724 (c)

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Section: B Forward Raman Transmission Modelmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Forward Raman Amplificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Raman Amplification: An Enabling Technology for Long-Haul Coherent Transmission Systems

Pelouch¹

2016

J. Lightwave Technol.

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“…There is a tradeoff between cogain and signal launch power and it is well known that increasing requires lowering because of signal nonlinearities [9]. From (5), when the signal launch power is reduced by the exact amount of cogain, the OSNR remains constant.…”

Section: B Cogain Sidementioning

confidence: 98%

An Optimization Process for Raman-Amplified Long-Span Transmission

Bouteiller¹,

Bromage²,

Thiele³

et al. 2004

IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett.

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We propose a decomposition of bidirectionally pumped Raman-amplified long spans into two independent amplifiers. This decomposition leads to a simple optimization process of the transmission. An example of a 10-Gb/s wavelength-division multiplexed system, consisting of 14 200-km spans, is described. It presents the optimization of cogain and countergain levels, including constraints from double Rayleigh backscattering and repeaters. We also generalize this procedure to other span lengths.

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“…As such, both types of amplified transport systems use this technology providing low noise for distance increase, high gain for support of high-loss spans, and mid-stage access for dispersion compensation. Additionally, some advanced functions have been introduced to amplifiers in both platforms, mainly Raman amplification modules [7] to support very high-loss spans and improve performance in ULH applications, and transient suppression [8] to counter fast transients caused by some add/drop occurrences as well as enable fast channel reconfiguration in dynamically-routed networks. All-Raman-based transport systems have also experienced a similar trend in terms of pump laser reliability improvement and overall price decrease in the past few years.…”

Section: Amplifiersmentioning

confidence: 99%