System Optimization and Vehicle Integration

Nikowitz, Michael; Boyd, Steven E.; Vezzini, Andrea; Kunz, Irene; Duoba, Michael; Gallagher, Kevin G.; Drage, Peter; Šimić, Dragan; Timofeeva, Elena; Singh, Dileep; Yu, Wenhua; Wojdyla, Christopher; Rainer, Gotthard; Jones, Stephen; Loibner, Engelbert; Bauml, T.; Rousseau, Aymeric; Prenninger, Peter; Gragger, Johannes V.; Garnier, Laurent

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-26305-2_5

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…For extended information on hybrid topologies, we refer to Douba and Lohse-Busch (2016) and Reif et al (2012) [27,28]. Because of its high potential for long-haul application, this study only considers P2-hybrid topology ( [15] p. 530, [29] p. 194 and [30,31]). P2-hybrid topology places the electric machine between the engine and the transmission, enabling four operating conditions: (1) diesel only, (2) electric boosting, (3) electric only and (4) ICE load-point control.…”

Section: Powertrain and Electrical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production

et al. 2020

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The transportation sector needs to significantly lower greenhouse gas emissions. European manufacturers in particular must develop new vehicles and powertrains to comply with recent regulations and avoid fines for exceeding C O 2 emissions. To answer the question regarding which powertrain concept provides the best option to lower the environmental impacts, it is necessary to evaluate all vehicle life-cycle phases. Different system boundaries and scopes of the current state of science complicate a holistic impact assessment. This paper presents a scaleable life-cycle inventory (LCI) for heavy-duty trucks and powertrains components. We combine primary and secondary data to compile a component-based inventory and apply it to internal combustion engine (ICE), hybrid and battery electric vehicles (BEV). The vehicles are configured with regard to their powertrain topology and the components are scaled according to weight models. The resulting material compositions are modeled with LCA software to obtain global warming potential and primary energy demand. Especially for BEV, decisions in product development strongly influence the vehicle’s environmental impact. Our results show that the lithium-ion battery must be considered the most critical component for electrified powertrain concepts. Furthermore, the results highlight the importance of considering the vehicle production phase.

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Section: Powertrain and Electrical Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production

et al. 2020

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“…Political and economic factors also institute a major across-generation in the fall of EVs [31], and electric cars were also expensive [25,30]. Furthermore, the downfall of EVs was caused by their lack of horsepower, the desire of people to travel long distances, and the availability of gasoline [32].…”

Section: Heyday and Challenges Of Evs Historicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of electric vehicles on smart grid and future predictions: a survey

Adam

Mbungu

Elnady

et al. 2022

International Journal of Modelling and Simulation

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Mobility has modernized urban areas using an efficient transportation system. However, mobility demand growth has accelerated the expansion of the conventional transportation system, which significantly contributes to pollution. The need for a green transportation system results in the eminence of electric vehicles (EVs). Besides, green mobility minimizes pollution from transportation systems and conventional power sources when EVs are optimally integrated into the utility grid. Thus, this paper assesses different significant optimum possibilities of grid-connected EVs. A review of the critical impacts of grid-tied EVs in the smart grid environment is presented. Vehicle to the grid (V2G) is the future of electric cars. This uses a bidirectional power flow of the EV's battery charging to either charge the car or sustain the utility grid in loading conditions. However, the V2G is highly affected by diverse loading conditions that challenge the network's acceptable voltage and optimal power-sharing within the electrical network. The power electronic converters are the primary interfaces that connect the EV to the utility grid. Therefore, intelligent control coordination of power electronic converters can also mitigate the detrimental impacts of the V2G system. It is observed that the V2G perspective is based on the 5Ds (decentralisation, de-carbonization, digitalization, deregulation, and democratization) vision to overcome the overall shortcomings in the modern power grid. The 5Ds vision of V2G implementation sustains different stakeholders working on the future of electric cars. Therefore, this research would be a stronger foundation for the new perspective and vision of V2G development and applications in modern power grids.

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“…For the purpose of this integration and system-level optimization checking, computer simulation is the one and most important technology through which optimization for cost reduction and improve performance could be carried out. EV simulation helps the developer to minimize the time at system-level optimizations and decrease the cost of designing and testing during the development phase [154][155][156][157].…”

Section: System Optimizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric Vehicle Charging Modes, Technologies and Applications of Smart Charging

Ahmed

Khalid²,

Ullah³

et al. 2022

Energies

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The rise of the intelligent, local charging facilitation and environmentally friendly aspects of electric vehicles (EVs) has grabbed the attention of many end-users. However, there are still numerous challenges faced by researchers trying to put EVs into competition with internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). The major challenge in EVs is quick recharging and the selection of an optimal charging station. In this paper, we present the most recent research on EV charging management systems and their role in smart cities. EV charging can be done either in parking mode or on-the-move mode. This review work is novel due to many factors, such as that it focuses on discussing centralized and distributed charging management techniques supported by a communication framework for the selection of an appropriate charging station (CS). Similarly, the selection of CS is evaluated on the basis of battery charging as well as battery swapping services. This review also covered plug-in charging technologies including residential, public and ultra-fast charging technologies and also discusses the major components and architecture of EVs involved in charging. In a comprehensive and detailed manner, the applications and challenges in different charging modes, CS selection, and future work have been discussed. This is the first attempt of its kind, we did not find a survey on the charging hierarchy of EVs, their architecture, or their applications in smart cities.

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System Optimization and Vehicle Integration

Cited by 5 publications

References 5 publications

Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production

Scalable Life-Cycle Inventory for Heavy-Duty Vehicle Production

Impact of electric vehicles on smart grid and future predictions: a survey

Electric Vehicle Charging Modes, Technologies and Applications of Smart Charging

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