System Modeling and Simulation in 5G: A Hybrid Beamforming Approach With Power Flux Equalization in the Elevation Plane

Abstract

This paper presents a 5G downlink system model for a hybrid multiuser beamforming technique at the base station. The presented technique employs power flux equalization in the elevation plane using a fixed analog cosecant-shaped beam and digital beamforming in the azimuth plane. The system performances of various beamforming algorithms are investigated via Monte-Carlo simulations by creating simultaneous co-frequency beams towards the randomly-located users. The simulation results show that the proposed cosecant subarray hybrid beamforming statistically performs better than the state-of-the-art hybrid beamforming techniques and provides reduced complexity.

5G SIW-Based Phased Antenna Array With Cosecant-Squared Shaped Pattern

“…Yet, applying such density-tapering techniques leads to an increased field strength at the far sidelobes so as to compensate the lower first sidelobe(s). Therefore, the peak SLL in the position-optimized arrays should be made low enough to satisfy the required QoS [11].…”

“…4) Inefficient additional base station user power control is avoided. Moreover, the competitive statistical performance of the cosecant-squared-based approach in terms of user signal-tointerference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs) was proven in [11] using a multiuser 5G system model.…”

Spectral Efficiency Improvement of 5G Massive MIMO Systems for High-Altitude Platform Stations by Using Triangular Lattice Arrays

“…The received signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) for the n th user in case of a multi-user scenario can be written as [ 40 , 50 , 51 ]: where G ( θ n , ϕ n ) represents the HAPS array’s gain toward the n th user located at ( θ n , ϕ n ); δ represents the ratio between the transmitted power ( P t ) and the noise power ( σ 0 ); h n ϵ 1× M ( n = 1,2,.., K ) corresponds to the channel propagation between the n th user and the HAPS antenna array; and w n ϵ M ×1 consists of the precoding vector that, in general, depends on the selected beamforming method. It is worth noting that, differently from Reference [ 37 ], the simulated matching efficiency ( η Γ ) was included in (9) in order to achieve a more accurate SINR estimate.…”

Shaped Elevation Patterns for 5G Base Stations

“…2), with analog fixed or reconfigurable beam shaping in elevation and multiple agile beams in azimuth with DBF, drastically reduces the number of array chains, the complexity, processing, consumption and cost. Such an approach is discussed for a base station at 42 GHz in [3], and its system modelling for 5G at 28 GHz in [4][5] [6]. The elevation beam can be a cosecant squared, better for the safety issues related to the vertical compliance distance [7], or similar.…”