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The design of a planar dual-band wide-scan phased array is presented. The array uses novel dual-band comb-slotloaded patch elements supporting two separate bands with a frequency ratio of 1.4:1. The antenna maintains consistent radiation patterns and incorporates a feeding configuration providing good bandwidths in both bands. The design has been experimentally validated with an X-band planar 9×9 array. The array supports wide-angle scanning up to a maximum of 60º and 50º at the low and high frequency bands respectively.

An extended-feature, system-driven convex algorithm for the synthesis of uniform-amplitude, irregular planar phased arrays with simultaneous multi-beam optimization for mm-wave 5G base station applications in multiuser scenarios is presented. The inter-user interferences are suppressed by minimizing the maximum side lobe level (SLL) for a beam scanned freely inside a given sector. The aperture size is restricted to the size of the heatsink baseplate dimensions. A minimum guaranteed inter-element spacing in the final layout is predefined, which prevents element overlapping, eases the thermal problem and helps reduce the effects of high mutual coupling. The algorithm performance is tested via the synthesis of a 64element integrated array with at least half a wavelength interelement spacing. The optimized array results show that, compared to their regular counterparts, significant reduction in the SLLs is achieved for a beam scanned inside the defined sector, while keeping the maximum temperature of the array at a reliable level. The effect of mutual coupling on the results is also investigated via full-wave simulations and it is explained how embedded element patterns can potentially be included in the optimization. Superior capabilities of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing the algorithm output to those reported in the state-of-the-art literature.

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