An extended-feature, system-driven convex algorithm for the synthesis of uniform-amplitude, irregular planar phased arrays with simultaneous multi-beam optimization for mm-wave 5G base station applications in multiuser scenarios is presented. The inter-user interferences are suppressed by minimizing the maximum side lobe level (SLL) for a beam scanned freely inside a given sector. The aperture size is restricted to the size of the heatsink baseplate dimensions. A minimum guaranteed inter-element spacing in the final layout is predefined, which prevents element overlapping, eases the thermal problem and helps reduce the effects of high mutual coupling. The algorithm performance is tested via the synthesis of a 64element integrated array with at least half a wavelength interelement spacing. The optimized array results show that, compared to their regular counterparts, significant reduction in the SLLs is achieved for a beam scanned inside the defined sector, while keeping the maximum temperature of the array at a reliable level. The effect of mutual coupling on the results is also investigated via full-wave simulations and it is explained how embedded element patterns can potentially be included in the optimization. Superior capabilities of the proposed method are illustrated by comparing the algorithm output to those reported in the state-of-the-art literature.
The future fifth generation (5G) systems will aim to design low-cost phased array base station antenna systems at mm-waves for simultaneous multiple beamforming with enhanced spatial multiplexing, limited interference, acceptable power consumption, suitable processing complexity, and passive cooling. In this study, a multiuser space division multiple access (SDMA) model is developed to investigate the trade-off between the quality of service (QoS), computational complexity in beamforming and cooling requirements for various use cases, and a number of users. The QoS at the user ends is rated by assessing the statistical signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratios (SINRs). Two beamforming algorithms, namely conjugate beamforming (CB) and zero-forcing (ZF), are considered and compared. Depending on the deployment scenario, rotated and optimised array layouts are proposed to be used in CB with the least computational complexity while providing relatively good QoS. Different reduced-complexity ZF algorithms are introduced as a compromise between the SINR performance and computational burden. The impact of the number of simultaneously served users on the thermal management in active integrated 5G base station antenna arrays is investigated as well.
In this paper, we describe the design and simulation of on-body antenna for wireless body area network (WBAN) communication operating in the 61 GHz ISM frequency band. We developed a disc-like concept of an antenna. Instead of a direct connection between a circular disc and a feeding pin, the electromagnetic coupling is used. This concept enables us to obtain relatively broadband characteristics with omnidirectional radiation pattern and vertical polarization suitable for on-body communication. Impedance properties and radiation of the antenna were studied in open space and on a tissue-equivalent phantom representing the human body. Fabricated prototype is well matched from 59.3 GHz to 63.4 GHz. The bandwidth of the antenna is about 7%. Antenna analyzed close to body tissue exhibits efficiency at least 25 % and the maximum gain 5.2 dB in horizontal plane. Index Terms-Disc-like antenna, wearable antenna, body area network, body-centric communication, 61 GHz ISM band.
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