System Considerations and Impacts of AC Cable Networks on Weak High Voltage Transmission Networks

Enslin, J.H.R.; Hu, Yi; Wakefield, R.A.

doi:10.1109/tdc.2006.1668644

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The resonance frequencies of the equivalent inverter (20) depend on the product value N·L g . If an active strategy is required, it is essential to be able to estimate the resonance frequency ω req .…”

Section: Control Design Guidelines and Practical Uses Of The Equmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This situation exceeds the harmonic regulations and causes the breakage of many devices such as electronic meters. Other authors have already studied the interaction of inverters and the distribution network [19], [20]. These works mention that a resonant behavior may occur even if all the PV inverters do individually satisfy the standards.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and Control of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula>-Paralleled Grid-Connected Inverters With LCL Filter Coupled Due to Grid Impedance in PV Plants

Agorreta

Borrega

López

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

534

319

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Designing adequate control laws for grid-connected inverters with LCL filters is complicated. The power quality standards and the system resonances burden the task. In order to deal with resonances, system damping has to be implemented. Active damping is preferred to passive damping so as to improve the efficiency of the conversion. In addition, paralleled grid-connected inverters in photovoltaic (PV) plants are coupled due to grid impedance. Generally, this coupling is not taken into account when designing the control laws. In consequence, depending on the number of paralleled grid-connected inverters and the grid impedance, the inverters installed in PV plants do not behave as expected. In this paper, the inverters of a PV plant are modeled as a multivariable system. The analysis carried out enables to obtain an equivalent inverter that describes the totality of inverters of a PV plant. The study is validated through simulation and field experiments. The coupling effect is described and the control law design of paralleled grid-connected inverters with LCL filters in PV plants is clarified.

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Section: Control Design Guidelines and Practical Uses Of The Equmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling and Control of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula>-Paralleled Grid-Connected Inverters With LCL Filter Coupled Due to Grid Impedance in PV Plants

Agorreta

Borrega

López

et al. 2011

IEEE Trans. Power Electron.

534

319

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“…The presence of inductances and capacitances within a power system creates both series and parallel resonant frequency points. The number and frequency of each depends on the size of each lumped or distributed element and their placement with respect to each other [20]. The work reported in [20] suggests possible mitigation measures to low-order resonances in AC cable networks.…”

Section: Other Dynamic Characteristics That Should Be Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The number and frequency of each depends on the size of each lumped or distributed element and their placement with respect to each other [20]. The work reported in [20] suggests possible mitigation measures to low-order resonances in AC cable networks. Both AC and HVDC connections will have an impact on the resonances of the network whether due to the capacitance of the AC cable and the resonant circuit set up between it and the shunt reactors required to regulate the voltage profile over the cable length, or any filters required to attenuate switching harmonics produced by a VSC terminal.…”

Section: Other Dynamic Characteristics That Should Be Consideredmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comparison of AC and HVDC Options for the Connection of Offshore Wind Generation in Great Britain

Elliott

Bell

Finney

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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This paper presents a comparison of two forms of cable connection of a distant offshore wind farm to a transmission system: AC and HVDC. The requirements of relevant industry standards in Great Britain (GB) that drive a connection design and, hence, its cost are highlighted along with an analysis of the ways in which AC cable connections might be made to comply while facilitating export of active power. Dynamic studies investigating responses to grid-side short circuit faults show that, in the particular scenarios studied, an AC connection of a wind farm in the place of a large synchronous generator is marginally detrimental while an HVDC connection is beneficial. A comparison of costs shows that the cross-over distance at which HVDC is cheaper than AC for wind farms of different sizes occurs at longer distances than have hitherto commonly been assumed, and AC connections benefit from reactive compensation not only at the point of common coupling and wind farm end but also at the connection mid-point.

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“…1. The shunt reactor can be modelled as an inductor in series with a resistor, and the cable is mainly a capacitive shunt element [5]. There are, however differences between the behaviour of a simple RLC circuit and a physical cable/shunt reactor system, as for instance switching overvoltages.…”

Section: Zero-missing Phenomenon and Switching Overvoltagesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods to Minimize Zero-Missing Phenomenon

Silva

Bak

Gudmundsdottir

et al. 2010

IEEE Trans. Power Delivery

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With the increasing use of high-voltage AC cables at transmission levels, phenomena such as current zero-missing start to appear more often in transmission systems. Zero-missing phenomenon can occur when energizing cable lines with shunt reactors. This may considerably delay the opening of the circuit breaker, leaving the system unprotected and vulnerable to failures. Methods to prevent zero-missing phenomenon are still being studied and compared in order to identify effective countermeasures. This paper contributes to these efforts, by presenting several countermeasures that can be applied to reduce the hazards of zero-missing phenomenon. The authors discovered that this phenomenon can be eliminated, merely by using an extra circuit breaker or a preinsertion resistor.

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System Considerations and Impacts of AC Cable Networks on Weak High Voltage Transmission Networks

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Modeling and Control of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula>-Paralleled Grid-Connected Inverters With LCL Filter Coupled Due to Grid Impedance in PV Plants

Modeling and Control of <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex Notation="TeX">$N$</tex> </formula>-Paralleled Grid-Connected Inverters With LCL Filter Coupled Due to Grid Impedance in PV Plants

A Comparison of AC and HVDC Options for the Connection of Offshore Wind Generation in Great Britain

Methods to Minimize Zero-Missing Phenomenon

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