Synthesis strategies and biomedical applications for doped inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals

Ruthenium photosensitizer anchored gold nanorods for synergistic photodynamic and photothermal therapy

“…They can promote and complement each other, and their combination can achieve a synergistic effect in cancer therapy. 5,11 To date, numerous photothermal conversion agents have been developed, such as gold nanoparticles (GNP, including gold nanorods, gold nanocages, gold nanostars, and gold nanoshells), 12 carbon-based nanomaterials, 13 two-dimensional nanomaterials 14 (graphene and its derivatives, black phosphorus, transition metal dichalcogenides and Pd nanosheets), organic small molecules (cyanine, porphyrin, phthalocyanine, and BODIPY), inorganic semiconductor materials 15 and semiconducting polymer nanoparticles. 9,16,17 Among these photothermal agents, GNPs have emerged as the leading agents due to their advantages including high biocompatibility, ease of preparation and surface modification, controllable size and shape, and adjustable optical and physical properties.…”

Boron Doping of Silicon Quantum Dots via Hydrogen Silsesquioxane-Capped Diffusion for Photovoltaics and Medical Imaging

“…If doping is occurring while the QDs are forming, one must consider the particle formation and growth and reaction rates, as well as the formation energy of the host and dopant, which can strongly influence the final dopant concentration/ location. 9 Often, chemical potentials vary with growth conditions and are subject to the thermodynamic formation of other phases. 10 This is well-illustrated by the work of Mikulec et al that showed Mn-dopants in CdSe QDs segregated to the particle surface at temperatures exceeding 300 °C, 11 however, this thermodynamically driven process could be mitigated if surfactants were introduced to the particle surface.…”

“…Introducing dopants into QDs relies upon several key factors. If doping is occurring while the QDs are forming, one must consider the particle formation and growth and reaction rates, as well as the formation energy of the host and dopant, which can strongly influence the final dopant concentration/location . Often, chemical potentials vary with growth conditions and are subject to the thermodynamic formation of other phases .…”

Ultrasmall AgBiSe2 nanodots for CT/thermal imaging-guided photothermal tumor therapy in the NIR-II biowindow

“…6 Photothermal therapy (PTT) in the NIR-II regime combined with imaging guidance has achieved prosperous achievements for accurately eliminating cancer with little side effects. [7][8][9][10] Moreover, the nanoplatform constructed by NIR-II sensitizers potentially improve the sensitivity of other prime ministers, such as computed tomography (CT) and photoacoustic (PA) and photothermal (PT) imaging. [11][12][13] Therefore, exploring novel agents for tumor therapy in the NIR-II biowindow is of great significance.…”