Synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin — effect of anhydride composition

Ahamad, Abdeen; C, Mary Lubi; Mohan, Abhilash; Safeer, Mohamed; Thachil, Eby Thomas

doi:10.1163/156855501750536242

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…UPR mainly consists of the condensation product of a mixture of a saturated acid and an unsaturated acid with a glycol, and an unsaturated monomer such as styrene. The unsaturated acid provides sites for cross-linking at the curing stage [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Polyester–Glycidyl Methacrylate PolyHIPE Monoliths to Use in Heavy Metal Removal

Mert

Kaya

Yıldırım

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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Polyester-glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)-based poly(high internal phase emulsion)s (polyHIPEs) with 85% internal phase were prepared by using unsaturated polyester resin (UPR), glycidyl metahacrylate and divinylbenzene (DVB) or styrene (St) with triethanolamine (TEA) as an emulsifier in the presence of a porogen. Porous monoliths were obtained by a removal of internal phase after curing of dispersed phase at 80°C. Morphologies and surface properties of obtained porous monoliths were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Brunauner-Emmet-Teller (BET) molecular adsorption methods. Amine functionalization of epoxy groups of polyHIPEs was achieved by reactions with several amines such as 1,4-ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,6-hexamethylenediamine (HMDA), 4-aminosalicylic acid (ASA), 2-aminothiazole (ATAL), 4-aminobenzothiazole (ABTAL) and 2-phenylimidazole (PIAL), respectively. The functionalized polyHIPEs were characterized by elemental analysis and the best result was obtained with the 1,4-ethylenediamine (EDA) ligand. The adsorption capacities of the modified monoliths for Ag(I), Cu(II) and Cr(III) were determined under non-competitive conditions at room temperature. The results showed that the maximum adsorption capacities of the modified monoliths decrease in order of Ag(I) > Cu(II) > Cr(III) and polyHIPE with 2-phenylimidazole (PIAL) groups is the most effective adsorbent for heavy metal ions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Characterization of Polyester–Glycidyl Methacrylate PolyHIPE Monoliths to Use in Heavy Metal Removal

Mert

Kaya

Yıldırım

2012

Designed Monomers and Polymers

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“…The viscosity can be reduced by applying reactive diluent, usually styrene at a temperature of 190–220 °C [ 49 ]. Styrene monomers and the UPR double bonds form free radical copolymerization to construct a rigid three-dimensional crosslinked structure [ 57 , 58 , 59 ]. An inhibitor is added to the resin to provide fast curing and long storage life, and to mitigate catalyzed or uncatalyzed drift, unwanted colors, odors and/or side effects.…”

Section: Thermoset Resinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

et al. 2021

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In this review, the challenges faced by woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites in Malaysia were addressed with respect to three major aspects: woven kenaf reinforcement quality, Malaysian citizen awareness of woven kenaf thermoset composite products, and government supports. Kenaf plantations were introduced in Malaysia in the last two decades, but have generally not produced much kenaf composite product that has been widely accepted by the public. However, woven kenaf fiber enhances the thermoset composites to a similar degree or better than other natural fibers, especially with respect to impact resistance. Woven kenaf composites have been applied in automotive structural studies in Malaysia, yet they are still far from commercialization. Hence, this review discusses the kenaf fiber woven in Malaysia, thermoset and bio-based thermoset polymers, thermoset composite processing methods and, most importantly, the challenges faced in Malaysia. This review sets guidelines, provides an overview, and shares knowledge as to the potential challenges currently faced by woven kenaf reinforcements in thermoset polymer composites, allowing researchers to shift their interests and plans for conducting future studies on woven kenaf thermoset polymer composites.

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“…ermosetting resins belong to a class of chemicals that can be crosslinked by the application of heat and curing agents. A three-dimensional network structure forms after crosslinking [2,3]. However, because of excessive crosslinking sites, thermosetting polymers are inherently less resistant to tolerate high mechanical loadings, therefore proving to be a material lacking in toughness and high impact absorption ability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage‐Tolerant Woven Glass Fiber Composites Developed Using Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Blends

Ali

Hussain

Tariq

et al. 2022

Advances in Materials Science and Engineering

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The thermoset matrix is brittle and shows low damage characteristics, and their impact and damage performance can be improved significantly by blending with the thermoplastic matrix. In this way, the properties of both the matrices can be gathered in one composite. This study is focused on the development and optimization of novel blends of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin with polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a thermoplastic polymer, to improve the mechanical properties, especially delamination and impact behavior of associated glass fiber composites. The five blends of UP and PVB were prepared in different concentrations by the solution mixing method. Composite samples of woven glass fabric were fabricated using prepared blends and pure resins as matrices on compression molding. Tensile, flexural, T-peel tests, and the instrumented Charpy impact tests were conducted on the developed samples. A significant improvement in the impact energy absorption (102%) and delamination resistance (110%) was observed for a blend ratio of 40 : 60 and 50 : 50 of PVB : UP, respectively, as compared to pure UP composite samples.

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Synthesis of unsaturated polyester resin — effect of anhydride composition

Cited by 20 publications

References 10 publications

Preparation and Characterization of Polyester–Glycidyl Methacrylate PolyHIPE Monoliths to Use in Heavy Metal Removal

Preparation and Characterization of Polyester–Glycidyl Methacrylate PolyHIPE Monoliths to Use in Heavy Metal Removal

The Challenges and Future Perspective of Woven Kenaf Reinforcement in Thermoset Polymer Composites in Malaysia: A Review

Damage‐Tolerant Woven Glass Fiber Composites Developed Using Polyvinyl Butyral (PVB) Unsaturated Polyester (UP) Blends

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