<span>Traffic congestion on the roads is mainly the result of overcrowding and this phenomenon happens when a great number of vehicles storm the road, resulting in the disruption of the smooth traffic flow. This greatly affects the daily routines of the people. Not to mention the time that is wasted while a person feels stranded in such situation and it results in the loss of productivity, also deteriorates the societal behavior to a certain extent and have adverse effects on the economy. The natural calamities add to the miseries. It becomes very difficult to manage the traffic flow in situations when there are flash floods or other accidents. Therefore the trend of the traffic seems very unpredictable. The real-time information and the past data are deemed as the significant inputs for the predictive analysis. Modern day researchers perform the predictive analysis using the simulations as it does not seems to have any accurate and exact predictive model, mainly because of the higher complexity and the perplexing situation the researchers face while performing the analysis. Open Traffic seems to be a viable option, as it is an open source and can be linked with the Open Street. This research targets to study and understand the Open Traffic platform. In this regard the real-time traffic flow pattern in Kuala Lumpur area was successfully been extracted and the analysis was performed using Open Traffic. It was observed and deduced from the results that Kuala Lumpur faces congestion on every major avenue, junction or intersection it mostly owes to the offices and the economic and commercial centers during the peak hours. Some avenues experience the congestion problem due to the tourism.</span>
This research investigates the nonlinear behavior of scaled infilled masonry (IFM), confined masonry (CM), and reinforced concrete (RC) structures by utilizing and validating two tests from the literature as benchmarks. The validation was based on a comparison with the pushover results of small-scaled physical tests and their numerical modeling. Numerical modeling of small-scale (1:4 and 1:3) IFM, CM, and RC models has been carried out with Finite Element Modelling (FEM) and Applied Element Modelling (AEM) techniques using SAP2000 and the Extreme Loading for Structures (ELS) software, respectively. The behavior of the structure under lateral loads and excitations was investigated using nonlinear static (pushover) and nonlinear time history (dynamic) analysis. The evaluation of the pushover analysis results revealed that for IFM, the %age difference of tangent stiffness was 4.2% and 13.5% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively, and the %age difference for strength was 31.2% and 2.8% for FEMA Strut and AEM, respectively. Similarly, it was also calculated for other wall types. Dynamic analysis results from FEM and AEM techniques were found in the fairly acceptable range before yield; however, beyond yield, AEM proved more stable. Finally, the results also showed that the numerical study can be utilized for the evaluation of small-scale models before performing the physical test.
The thermoset matrix is brittle and shows low damage characteristics, and their impact and damage performance can be improved significantly by blending with the thermoplastic matrix. In this way, the properties of both the matrices can be gathered in one composite. This study is focused on the development and optimization of novel blends of unsaturated polyester (UP) resin with polyvinyl butyral (PVB), a thermoplastic polymer, to improve the mechanical properties, especially delamination and impact behavior of associated glass fiber composites. The five blends of UP and PVB were prepared in different concentrations by the solution mixing method. Composite samples of woven glass fabric were fabricated using prepared blends and pure resins as matrices on compression molding. Tensile, flexural, T-peel tests, and the instrumented Charpy impact tests were conducted on the developed samples. A significant improvement in the impact energy absorption (102%) and delamination resistance (110%) was observed for a blend ratio of 40 : 60 and 50 : 50 of PVB : UP, respectively, as compared to pure UP composite samples.
The synthetic jet actuator is an active flow control device that is used to improve the aerodynamic performance on working surfaces such as wings, helicopter blades and ground vehicles. The performance of synthetic jet actuator depends on the design of the orifice and cavity, and the oscillating driver. Piezoelectric diaphragm was used as an oscillating driver because of its small size and easier installation. The focus of this project is to study the effects of orifice size and shape for a synthetic jet actuator design. The effects were studied on circular and rectangular shapes, and different sizes of orifice. Meanwhile, the configurations of the cavity are fixed. Experiments were performed to determine the maximum pulse jet velocity and turbulence intensities of the jet coming out of the orifice, driven by the Piezoelectric diaphragm at different frequencies, at constant input voltage of 2V. The experiment mainly involved the measurement of the exit pulse jet velocity using a hot-wire anemometer. The results demonstrated that the circular orifice produced higher maximum pulse jet velocity and smaller sizes orifices, both circular and rectangular, results in higher velocity jets.
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