Synthesis of Novel g-C₃N₄/NH₂-MIL-88B(Fe) Composite Photocatalysis for Efficient Ciprofloxacin Degradation Under Simulated Sunlight Irradiation

Abstract

The presence of the antibiotics in the wastewater has posed a huge risk to aquatic life and human health. It is a great significance to develop an effective technology to treat the antibiotics-containing wastewater. In this study, a series of g-C3N4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) composite photocatalysts are synthesized through a simple one-step method. The structure and optical properties of prepared photocatalysts are detected by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV–Vis absorption spectra (UV–Vis DRS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and transient photocurrent techniques, respectively. FESEM and TEM show that MOF is uniformly dispersed in petaloid g-C3N4. The uniform dispersion of Fe-MOFs in the heterojunction composites increases the specific surface area ([Formula: see text] of g-C3N4, which results in a great adsorption property for the nanocomposite. The capture experiment shows that [Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] and h[Formula: see text] are the main active substances in ciprofloxacin (CIP) degradation. These prepared composite photocatalysts exhibit excellent CIP photodegradation activity under visibly light irradiation with an apparent rate constant of 0.0127[Formula: see text]min[Formula: see text] (3.74 times as the rate of single component). The remarkable catalytic performance can be ascribed to the fact that the g-C3N4/NH2-MIL-88B(Fe) heterojunction inhibits the recombination of photoinduced electron–hole pairs and improved the visible light absorption.

Recent advances in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants in wastewater using metal oxides and carbonaceous materials as photocatalysts: a review

“…The presence of ciprofloxacin in water acts as pollutant and can be removed by means of a photocatalytic approach. 425–524…”

“…The decay process for ciprofloxacin followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the rate constant increasing with decreasing concentration of CIP. In addition, CdS/BiOBr, 498 Cu 2 O/Cu 2 (PO 4 )(OH), 499 Sm-doped g-C 3 N 4 /Ti 3 C 2 MXene, 500 CeO 2 /La 2 O 3 /TiO 2 , 501 g-C 3 N 4 /NH 2 -MIL-88B(Fe) 502 and a polypyrrole-sensitized ZnFe 2 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 n–n heterojunction 503 have also displayed enhanced photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin.…”