Synthesis of Natural Tea‐Saponin‐Based Succinic Acid Sulfonate as Anionic Foaming Agent

Abstract

Tea saponin (TS) is a relatively inexpensive natural nonionic surfactant extracted from parts of tea plants, which can be modified into an anionic surfactant to achieve better surface activity. In this paper, the synthesis of TS‐based succinic acid sulfonate as an anionic foaming agent is described. TS used as the hydrophobic source was modified by maleic anhydride (MAH) and then reacted with sodium bisulfite. Orthogonal experiment of a 2‐step reaction was designed and performed, resulting in 9 kinds of succinic acid tea‐saponin sulfonate (STS). 4‐Dimethylaminopyridine and tetrabutylammonium bromide were, respectively, used as catalyst for the esterification with MAH and the sulfonation with sodium bisulfite. During the synthesis process, N,N‐dimethylformamide was employed as the solvent and ethyl acetate as the extractant. The molecular structure of STS was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The foaming property of STS was investigated through comparison with different kinds of common surfactants. The results show great prospects of these environmentally friendly anionic surfactants.

Phytochemicals as Invaluable Sources of Potent Antimicrobial Agents to Combat Antibiotic Resistance

“…Tea saponin is a phytochemical that belongs to an oleanane-type pentacyclic triterpene that is distributed in plants, such as Camellia oleifera and Camellia sinensis [193]. Tea saponin is present in the seed cake, which is obtained as the byproduct during the extraction of oil from tea or camellia seeds.…”

A Comparative Study on Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activity of Aqueous Extract from Various Parts of Moringa oleifera

“…The extract M. oleifera was subjected to phytochemical analysis to detect the presence of alkaloids (Dragendroff's test) [24], flavonoids (colorimetric AlCl3 test) [25], saponins (Foam test) [25], carbohydrate (Anthrone test) [26], polyphenols (Puncal-D test) [27], proteins (Ninhydrin test) [27], amino acid (Millon's test) [28], phenolics (Follin-Ciocalteu test) [2], triterpene (Salkowski test) [29], and anthraquinones (Borntrager's test) [29]. The extract solution was further analyzed to determine its total phenolic content with Follin-Ciocalteu reagent [30] in which the results were shown as the equivalent of a microgram for milligram (μg mg −1 ) gallic acid (GAE).…”

“…When the sample contains flavonoids thus the addition of AlCl3 would give a yellow color [2]. The detection of saponins was conducted through a Foam test in which the presence of saponins can be observed by the stable foam formation on the surface of the sample solution [25].…”

Design and Properties of Novel Hydrophobic Natural Tea Saponin and Its Organogels

“…Fan et al [7] prepared TS-based succinic acid sulfonate, an anionic foaming agent, by esterification modifying TS with maleic anhydride (MAH) and then by sulfonation reacting with sodium bisulfite. Li et al synthesized a novel graphene-based material of tea saponin-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (TS-RGO) via a facile thermal method.…”