Synthesis of High Aspect Ratio BaTiO₃ Nanowires for High Energy Density Nanocomposite Capacitors

Abstract

High energy density capacitors are critically important in advanced electronic devices and power systems since they can reduce the weight, size and cost required to meet a desired application. Nanocomposites hold strong potential for increasing the performance of high power energy sources; however, the energy density of most nanocomposites is still low compared to commercial capacitors and neat polymers. Here, we develop a new synthesis method for the growth of high aspect ratio barium titanate nanowires (BaTiO3) nanowires (NWs) with high yield. High energy density nanocomposite capacitors are fabricated using surface‐functionalized high aspect ratio BaTiO3 NWs in a poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene‐chlorofluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE)) matrix. At a 17.5% volume fraction, the nanocomposites show more than 45.3% increase in energy density above that of the pure P(VDF‐TrFE‐CFE) polymer (10.48 J/cc compared to 7.21 J/cc) at electric field 300 MV/m. This value is significant and exceeds those reported for the conventional polymer‐ceramic nanocomposites; it is also more than seven times larger than high performance commercial polypropylene capacitor (1.2 J/cc at 640 MV/m). In addition, our nanocomposite capacitor has a maximum power density as high as 1.2 MW/cc occurring only 1.52 μs after the start of discharge. The findings of this research could lead to enhanced interest in nanowires based nanocomposites due to their potential for achieving next generation energy storage devices.

Ultrahigh Energy Density of Polymer Nanocomposites Containing BaTiO3@TiO2 Nanofibers by Atomic‐Scale Interface Engineering

“…

of hundreds or even thousands), such as TiO 2 , [ 5 ] BaTiO 3 , [ 6,7 ] and Ba x Ti 1-x O 3 [ 8 ] are introduced into the polymer matrix to form polymer nanocomposites. However, increased ε r is usually achieved at the cost of substantially decreased E B , as a result of the structural imperfections caused by the high loading of ceramics nanoparticles and more importantly, due to the large contrast in permittivity between the ceramic nano particles and the polymer matrix that induces signifi cant electric fi eld concentration in the polymer and results in a dramatically decreased breakdown strength of polymer nanocomposites.

…”

Dielectric properties of vanadium doped barium titanate synthesized via high-energy ball milling

“…One of the well-known oxides of this type is barium titanate, which due to a high value of electric permittivity at room temperature (ε ≈ 1500) is an interesting material for the production of capacitors [3,4]. It is necessary to search for ceramic electrotechnical materials with better and better functional properties to meet the requirements of the continuously progressing miniaturization of electronic devices.…”

Temperature influence on dielectric energy storage of nanocomposites

“…The degree of crystallinity, existence of permanent dipoles, mobility of free charge and defects, all, contribute to this response. At high frequency, the electric response of a sample lags behind the applied field and creates loss [25]. After 100 Hz frequency, capacitance linearly decreased with the increase of frequency from 100 Hz to 1 MHz.…”