Synthesis of Biocompatible Hydroxyapatite Using Chitosan Oligosaccharide as a Template

Abstract

In this study, a novel biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HA) was synthesized by using chitosan oligosaccharide (COS) as a template. These HA samples were studied by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The biocompatibility of HA samples was evaluated via cell viability, cell morphology and alkaline phosphatase staining of MG-63 cell lines. The results show that HA synthesized in the presence of COS was favorable to proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of MG-63 cells. These hydroxyapatites are potentially attractive biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications.

Preparation and Characterization of Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals by Using Partially Hydrolyzed Keratin as Template Agent

“…The diffraction peaks appeared in these synthesized HA agree with those of the standard HA (JCPDS No. 09-0432) [7,8], which indicated that the HA crystals have been successfully synthesized. According to the Figure 1, peaks observed at 2θ degree of 26.1, 32.1, 33.0, 40.1, 47.0, 49.7 and 53.4 can be recognized to (002), (211), (300), (310), (222), (213) and (004) reflections of HA [26,27].…”

“…In our previous study, we found the size of HA can be affected by the molecular weight of chitosan oligosaccharide [8]. However, the morphology and size are difficult to control under ~100 nm.…”

“…During the mineralization process of HA crystals, macromolecules can play the predominant role in the nucleation, growth, orientation, and structure of HA crystals [6]. Among these templating agents, proteins have received much attention due to their functional groups on side chains which can chelate Ca 2+ ions and form hydrogen bonding with PO 4 3− and H 2 O on the surface of the minerals [7,8].…”

Effects of chitosan and zirconia on setting time, mechanical strength, and bioactivity of calcium silicate‐based cement

“…The additional calcium ions could react with phosphate ions and produce water-insoluble hydroxyl-appetite salts on the surface (Figures 2, 4 and 6). 41 Moreover, Wang et al 42 showed that the amino groups on the surface of chitosan have the ability to chelate Ca 2+ ions to form ionic clusters for the nucleation of minerals and function like a natural template for the apatite crystal to grow. This resulted in formation of calcium silicate, which was observable in XRD spectra.…”

“…Afterwards, this phase transforms into bone-like apatite crystals, increasing its Ca: P ratio. 41 Moreover, Wang et al 42 showed that the amino groups on the surface of chitosan have the ability to chelate Ca 2+ ions to form ionic clusters for the nucleation of minerals and function like a natural template for the apatite crystal to grow. The SEM micrographs in our study (Figures 2, 4 and 6) showed hydroxyl-appetite depositions on the surface, forming a roughly irregular surface after a day of immersion.…”