In recent years, the rapid development of 3D printing technologies lead to its new applications in the area of healthcare and medicine, including dentistry, orthopedics, cardiovascular, pharmaceutics, neurosurgery, engineered tissue models, medical devices, and anatomical models. Dentistry is widely acknowledged to benefit from 3D printing technologies due to its needs for the customization and personalization of dental products. In this review, the authors discuss and summarize various 3D imaging technologies and the recent advances of 3D digital processing techniques in dentistry in an effort to give a new perspective and greater understanding of the current development of 3D printing technologies in dentistry. It is anticipated that this review will explore why 3D printing is important to dentistry, and why dentistry motivates development in 3D printing applications. Further, current challenges and further perspectives are also discussed which helps researchers to optimize the 3D printing technology in dentistry, improve 3D printing strategies, and direct future dental bioprinting and translational applications.
Metal-based materials have been widely used for the electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding due to their excellent intrinsic conductivity. However, their high density, poor corrosion resistance, and poor flexibility limit their further application in aerospace and flexible electronics. Here, we reported a facile means to prepare lightweight, mechanically durable, superhydrophobic and conductive polymer fabric composites (CPFCs) with excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. The CPFC could be fabricated by three steps: (1) the polypropylene (PP) fabric was coated by a polydopamine (PDA) layer;(2) PP/PDA adsorbed the Ag precursor that was then chemically reduced to Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs); (3) PP/PDA/AgNPs fabrics were modified by one layer of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The contact angle (CA) of the CPFCs could reach ∼152.3°while the sliding angle (SA) was as low as ∼1.5°, endowing the materials with excellent self-cleaning performance. Thanks to the extremely high conductivity of 81.2 S/cm and the unique porous structure of the fabric, the CPFC possessed outstanding EMI shielding performance with the maximum shielding effectiveness (SE) of 71.2 dB and the specific shielding effectiveness (SSE) of 270.7 dB cm 3 g −1 in the X band. The interfacial adhesion is remarkably improved owing to the PDMS layer, and the superhydrophobicity, conductivity and EMI SE of CPFCs are almost maintained after cyclic abrasion and winding test. Also, the CPFCs can be used in a harsh environment, due to their excellent water proof property.
Conductive
polymer composite (CPC) based strain sensor due to its
lightweight, tunable electrical conductivity, and easy processing
has promising application in wearable electronics. However, it is
still challenging to develop the CPC strain sensors with excellent
stretchability, sensitivity, durability, anticorrosion, and deicing
performance. Herein, a facile method is proposed to prepare fluorine-free
superhydrophobic and highly conductive rubber composite. Ag nanoparticles
(AgNPs) are first decorated on the RB (rubber band) surface, forming
a conductive shell. Then, the RB/AgNPs experiences PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane)
modification, which could not only endow the composite with superhydrophobicity
and hence excellent corrosion resistance but also improve the interfacial
adhesion between the AgNPs. The RB composite possesses a good self-cleaning
performance and remains superhydrophobic even after experiencing cyclic
abrasion or stretching-releasing test. Also, the high conductivity
and superhydrophobicity endow the RB composite with excellent Joule
heating performance and water repellence, broadening its application
in deicing and water removal. Moreover, the obtained RB composite
exhibits both large stretchability with a break elongation larger
than 900% and high sensitivity with a response intensity as high as
3.6 × 108 at a strain of 60%. In addition, the RB
composite strain sensor can be used to detect full-range human motions
including large and subtle body movement. The flexible, durable, and
anticorrosive RB composite has potential applications in flexible
electronic, health monitoring, physical therapy, and so on.
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