Synthesis, Characterization, Immune Regulation, and Antioxidative Assessment of Yeast-Derived Selenium Nanoparticles in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Rats

Abstract

This article introduces an environmentally friendly and more economical method for preparing red selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) with high stability, good biocompatibility, and narrow size using yeast as a bio-reducing agent with high antioxidant, immune regulation, and low toxicity than inorganic and organic Se. The yeast-derived Se-NPs were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results revealed spherical-shaped particles of Se-NPs with an average diameter of 71.14 ± 18.17 nm, an amorphous structure, and surface enhancement with an organic shell layer, that provide precise geometry and stability in the formation of bio-inert gray or black Se-NPs instead of red Se-NPs. Furthermore, the addition of 0.3−0.8 mg/kg Se-NPs in the feed significantly improved the health of mice. As Se-NPs stimulated the oxidative state of mice, it significantly increased the level of GSH-Px, SOD, and AOC, and decreased the level of MDA. The yeast-derived Se-NPs alleviated the immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide, whereas protected the liver, spleen, and kidney of mice, stimulated the humoral immune potential of the mice, and significantly increased the levels of I g M, IgA, and I g G. These results indicated that the yeast-derived Se-NPs, as a trace element feed additive, increased the defense of the animal against oxidative stress and infectious diseases and therefore Se-NPs can be used as a potential antibiotic substitute for animal husbandry.

Immunomodulatory roles of selenium nanoparticles: Novel arts for potential immunotherapy strategy development

“…Wu et al. concluded that Se NPs had great ability to regulate oxidative stress and immunity ( 29 ). Recent studies indicated that Se NPs could also serve as therapeutic agents due to their potential for anti-atherosclerotic effect and alleviating histological damage caused by diabetes ( 30 , 31 ).…”

Crest to Trough Cellular Drifting of Green-Synthesized Zinc Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles

“…The results showed that the free radical scavenging activity of the green-synthesized NPs on DPPH radicals increases with the increasing concentration of NPs. By comparing our results with previously reported NPs, it has been observed that green-synthesized NPs showed better results as compared to chemically synthesized NPs (Figure f). The biologically active ZnONPs and AgNPs exhibited strong antioxidant potential that governs antioxidant reactions with higher efficacies.…”

Enhancing the Activity of Carboxymethyl Cellulase Enzyme Using Highly Stable Selenium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Bacillus paralicheniformis Y4

“…Despite the extensive accumulation of the SeNPs with a tendency to form aggregates of individual particles, no evidence of cell lysis or the distortion of the outer membrane was observed [ 39 , 40 ]. The particles appeared to have a spherical shape and a diameter of approximately 70–120 nm with an average of 80 nm, which has a uniform shape and good dispersion [ 15 ]. Furthermore, strain Y4 was able to reduce the toxic selenite aerobically with the concomitant generation of the SeNPs in LB at a logarithmic phase, as Figure 6 showed.…”

“…SeNPs with controllable physical and chemical properties are highly practical. SeNPs are usually synthesized through physical, chemical, and biological methods [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 14 , 15 ]. Furthermore, Selenium nanoparticles have attracted substantial attention recently owing to their great performance, such as their excellent bioavailability and low toxicity.…”