Enhancing the Activity of Carboxymethyl Cellulase Enzyme Using Highly Stable Selenium Nanoparticles Biosynthesized by Bacillus paralicheniformis Y4

Abstract

The inorganic selenium is absorbed and utilized inefficiently, and the range between toxicity and demand is narrow, so the application is strictly limited. Selenium nanoparticles have higher bioactivity and biosafety properties, including increased antioxidant and anticancer properties. Thus, producing and applying eco-friendly, non-toxic selenium nanoparticles in feed additives is crucial. Bacillus paralicheniformis Y4 was investigated for its potential ability to produce selenium nanoparticles and the activity of carboxymethyl cellulases. The selenium nanoparticles were characterized using zeta potential analyses, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Additionally, evaluations of the anti-α-glucosidase activity and the antioxidant activity of the selenium nanoparticles and the ethyl acetate extracts of Y4 were conducted. B. paralicheniformis Y4 exhibited high selenite tolerance of 400 mM and the selenium nanoparticles had an average particle size of 80 nm with a zeta potential value of −35.8 mV at a pH of 7.0, suggesting that the particles are relatively stable against aggregation. After 72 h of incubation with 5 mM selenite, B. paralicheniformis Y4 was able to reduce it by 76.4%, yielding red spherical bio-derived selenium nanoparticles and increasing the carboxymethyl cellulase activity by 1.49 times to 8.96 U/mL. For the first time, this study reports that the carboxymethyl cellulase activity of Bacillus paralicheniforis was greatly enhanced by selenite. The results also indicated that B. paralicheniformis Y4 could be capable of ecologically removing selenite from contaminated sites and has great potential for producing selenium nanoparticles as feed additives to enhance the added value of agricultural products.

A novel selenite‐tolerant rhizosphere bacterium Wautersiella enshiensis sp. nov., isolated from Chinese selenium hyperaccumulator, Cardamine hupingshanensis

“…Compared with the inorganic Se [32], nano-Se has higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and controlledrelease effects, which can be a source of Se supplement for Se-deficient population [33] with the potential anticancer activity [34] and antiviral and antibacterial activities as well as coloring [35]. In the present study, the formation of extracellular nano-Se is a simple process T A B L E 3 Total Se contents and Se speciation in the cells of strain YLX-1 T during the growth under 1.5 mg Se (as Na 2 SeO 3 )/L.…”

“…Compared with the inorganic Se [32], nano‐Se has higher bioavailability, lower toxicity, and controlled‐release effects, which can be a source of Se supplement for Se‐deficient population [33] with the potential anticancer activity [34] and antiviral and antibacterial activities as well as coloring [35]. In the present study, the formation of extracellular nano‐Se is a simple process of selenite detoxification which can prevent cellular Se overload; meanwhile, it could be a promising strategy to synthesize nano‐Se to avoid tedious process of cell disruption and solvent extraction during nano‐Se separation [36].…”

Effect of Different Selenium Species on Indole-3-Acetic Acid Activity of Selenium Nanoparticles Producing Strain Bacillus altitudinis LH18

“…[ 13 , 14 ], Bacillus spp. [ 15 , 16 , 17 ], Stenotrophomonas maltophilia [ 18 ], and Pseudomonas alcaliphila [ 19 ], which are capable of synthesizing uniformly sized spherical SeNPs both inside and outside the cell. More importantly, in recent years, biological treatment involving microorganisms has been considered the preferred and sustainable alternative due to its low cost and ecofriendliness.…”

Antioxidant Cascade Nanoenzyme Antagonize Inflammatory Pain by Modulating MAPK/p‐65 Signaling Pathway

“…[ 9 ] Recently, increasing evidence has shown that inorganic antioxidant enzyme nanoparticles (NPs) can treat multiple diseases and show better stability and efficacy than natural enzymes. [ 10 ] Furthermore, Fe 3 O 4 NPs—the most widely used nanoenzyme—have SOD‐ and catalase (CAT)‐like activities that convert superoxide to H 2 O 2 and eventually to O 2 . [ 11 ] Additionally, local Fe 3 O 4 NPs administration might relieve inflammatory pain in mice by attenuating inflammatory cell infiltration and pro‐inflammatory signaling and scavenging microenvironment free radicals.…”