Synthesis, characterization and biophysical evaluation of the 2D Ti2CTx MXene using 3D spheroid-type cultures

Lim, Gim Pao; Soon, Chin Fhong; Jastrzębska, Agnieszka; Ling, Nyuk; Wojciechowska, Anita; Szuplewska, Aleksandra; Omar, Wan Ibtisam Wan; Morsin, Marlia; Nayan, Nafarizal; Tee, Kian Sek

doi:10.1016/j.ceramint.2021.04.268

Cited by 29 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Thus, the nanosheet treatment enhanced the viability, metabolic activity, and proliferation of hWJ-MSCs [ 25 ]. However, these findings were inconsistent with those of previous studies, wherein concentration-dependent cell toxicity was reported by Ti 2 CTx MXenes using different cancer cell lines [ 26 , 27 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy and tissue repair necessitate the use of an ideal clinical biomaterial capable of increasing cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, MXenes 2D nanomaterials have shown remarkable potential for improving the functional properties of MSCs. In the present study, we elucidated the potential of Ti2CTx MXene as a biomaterial through its primary biological response to human Wharton’s Jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs). A Ti2CTx nanosheet was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. Our findings suggest that Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet exposure does not alter the morphology of the hWJ-MSCs; however, it causes a dose-dependent (10–200 µg/mL) increase in cell proliferation, and upon using it with conditional media, it also enhanced its tri-lineage differentiation potential, which is a novel finding of our study. A two-fold increase in cell viability was also noticed at the highest tested dose of the nanosheet. The treated hWJ-MSCs showed no sign of cellular stress or toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet is capable of augmenting the proliferation and differentiation potential of the cells.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 97%

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Singh

Kumar

et al. 2022

IJMS

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“…Furthermore, 3D cell culture systems have also been used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of Ti 2 CT x MXene in vitro [ 44 ]. Using microscopy, it was observed that MXenes possessed a strong binding capacity to the cellular membranes of HeLa cells due to the electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged MXenes and positively charged proteins on the cell surface.…”

Section: In Vitro Toxic Effects Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Safety Assessment of 2D MXenes: In Vitro and In Vivo

2022

Nanomaterials

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MXenes, representing a new class of two-dimensional nanomaterial, have attracted intense interest in a variety of fields as supercapacitors, catalysts, and sensors, and in biomedicine. The assessment of the safety of MXenes and related materials in biological systems is thus an issue that requires significant attention. In this review, the toxic effects of MXenes and their derivatives are summarized through the discussion of current research into their behaviors in mammalian cells, animals and plants. Numerous studies have shown that MXenes have generally low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. However, a few studies have indicated that MXenes are toxic to stem cells and embryos. These in vitro and in vivo toxic effects are strongly associated with the dose of material, the cell type, the mode of exposure, and the specific type of MXene. In addition, surface modifications alter the toxic effects of MXenes. The stability of MXenes must be considered during toxicity evaluation, as degradation can lead to potentially toxic byproducts. Although research concerning the toxicity of MXenes is limited, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of interactions of MXenes with biological systems and suggests future research directions.

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“…[73] In addition, MXene exhibited transversal and longitudinal surface plasmon modes in visible and near-infrared regions. [74,75] A strong absorption band in ultraviolet (UV) range has also been observed owing to the inter-band transitions [76,77] therefore, UV-vis-NIR is the very first characterization technique to determine MXene light interaction performed on thin films and colloidal solutions. [78,79] This absorbed light in UV and NIR range is due to plasmonic effects and electronic transitions.…”

Section: Optical Propertiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A) Schematic illustration of the biocompatible and flexible SF@MXene‐based film for sensing; [ 168 ] B) staining image of 2D Hela cells live and dead after 24 h exposure with i) control, ii) 50 µg mL −1 , and iii) 500 µg mL −1 of the Ti 2 CT x . 3D HeLa cells Fluorescence images enclosed in alginate microbeads with iv) control, v) 50 µg mL −1 , and vi) 500 µg mL −1 of the Ti 2 CT x ; [ 76 ] C) working illustration of the antifouling ratiometric MXC‐Fe 3 O 4 based biosensor; D) DPV of bare MGCE before and after incubation in various concentrations of FBS in 5 m m [Fe(CN) 6 ] 3−/4− ; E) DPV of designed biosensing platform in PBS before and after incubation with different concentrations of FBS; F) comparative study of an antifouling activity of different electrode interfaces; [ 169 ] G) scheme revealing the whole assay for detection of miR‐21 and miR‐141; H) current response of Base/AuNP/Au and Base/AuNP@MXene/Au for the sensing of the 5 p m miR‐141 and miR‐21 in Tris buffer and 10% HAS. [ 170 ] Figures reprinted with permission from: (A) ref.…”

Section: Characteristic Properties Of Mxenes For Biosensingmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D MXene‐Based Biosensing: A Review

Amara

Hussain

Ahmad

et al. 2022

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MXene emerged as decent 2D material and has been exploited for numerous applications in the last decade. The remunerations of the ideal metallic conductivity, optical absorbance, mechanical stability, higher heterogeneous electron transfer rate, and good redox capability have made MXene a potential candidate for biosensing applications. The hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, antifouling, and anti‐toxicity properties have opened avenues for MXene to perform in vitro and in vivo analysis. In this review, the concept, operating principle, detailed mechanism, and characteristic properties are comprehensively assessed and compiled along with breakthroughs in MXene fabrication and conjugation strategies for the development of unique electrochemical and optical biosensors. Further, the current challenges are summarized and suggested future aspects. This review article is believed to shed some light on the development of MXene for biosensing and will open new opportunities for the future advanced translational application of MXene bioassays.

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Synthesis, characterization and biophysical evaluation of the 2D Ti2CTx MXene using 3D spheroid-type cultures

Cited by 29 publications

References 18 publications

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Safety Assessment of 2D MXenes: In Vitro and In Vivo

2D MXene‐Based Biosensing: A Review

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