Nanosheets Based Approach to Elevate the Proliferative and Differentiation Efficacy of Human Wharton’s Jelly Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapy and tissue repair necessitate the use of an ideal clinical biomaterial capable of increasing cell proliferation and differentiation. Recently, MXenes 2D nanomaterials have shown remarkable potential for improving the functional properties of MSCs. In the present study, we elucidated the potential of Ti2CTx MXene as a biomaterial through its primary biological response to human Wharton’s Jelly MSCs (hWJ-MSCs). A Ti2CTx nanosheet was synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various microscopic and spectroscopic tools. Our findings suggest that Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet exposure does not alter the morphology of the hWJ-MSCs; however, it causes a dose-dependent (10–200 µg/mL) increase in cell proliferation, and upon using it with conditional media, it also enhanced its tri-lineage differentiation potential, which is a novel finding of our study. A two-fold increase in cell viability was also noticed at the highest tested dose of the nanosheet. The treated hWJ-MSCs showed no sign of cellular stress or toxicity. Taken together, these findings suggest that the Ti2CTx MXene nanosheet is capable of augmenting the proliferation and differentiation potential of the cells.

Dual (pH- and ROS-) Responsive Antibacterial MXene-Based Nanocarrier for Drug Delivery

“…The 2D planar nanostructure endows MXene with abundant anchoring sites and superior specific surface areas, which make it a promising delivery system for anticancer drugs [ 5 , 6 ]. Figure 3 shows the FE-SEM images of Ti 3 AlC 2, MXene , MXene-NH 2, MXene-Se, and MXene-Se-DOX.…”

“…Ti 2p3/2 was observed at 459.6 eV and 458.8 eV, indicating that Ti 3 C 2 was partially oxidized to form TiO 2 and TiO 2-x F x on the surface ( Figure 5 b) [ 40 ]. C1s was observed at 281.2 eV, 283.5 eV, 284.5 eV, and 285.4 eV, corresponding to C–Ti, C–C/C–H, C–O, and O–C=O bonds [ 5 , 6 , 41 ], respectively, as depicted in Figure 5 c. Generally, O 1s was deconvoluted into three peaks at 532.5 eV, 531.1 eV, and 529.9 eV, which are attributed to C-Ti-(OH) X , C-Ti-O X , and O-Ti bonds, respectively, as shown in Figure 5 d [ 42 ]. The high-resolution XPS spectra of the N 1s, Se 3d, and Si 2p core levels of MXene-Se after their functionalization with DSeDPA are shown in Figure 5 e–g, respectively.…”

“…In recent years, two-dimensional (2D) MXenes have attracted significant research interest owing to their ultrathin planar nanostructure and intriguing physiochemical performance. Initially, the application of MXene primarily focused on electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding, energy storage, and batteries [ 5 , 6 ]. Recently, the use of MXene for biomedical applications has been reported in the fields of photoacoustic (PA) imaging [ 7 ], anticancer treatment, and antibacterial activity [ 8 ]; however, cell viability, vector endocytosis ability, controllable release of a drug, tumor eradication capacity in vivo, and other biological applications such as biosensors should be investigated at the cellular and animal levels.…”