Safety Assessment of 2D MXenes: In Vitro and In Vivo

Wu, Jiayan; Yu, Yanyan; Su, Gaoxing

doi:10.3390/nano12050828

Cited by 33 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…There are several comprehensive reviews reporting the recent progress on the cytotoxicity evaluation of MXenes. [234][235][236] Some reports attributed the cell cytotoxicity of MXenes to the oxidative stress induced by the generated ROS. On the other hand, there are other studies reporting higher cytotoxicity of MAX phases f-i) Antibacterial efficiency of MXene/cellulose and GO/cellulose membranes against E. coli and S. aureus.…”

Section: Cytotoxicity and Environmental Impacts Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXenes Antibacterial Properties and Applications: A Review and Perspective

Seidi

Shamsabadi

Firouzjaei

et al. 2023

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The mutations of bacteria due to the excessive use of antibiotics, and generation of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria have made the development of new antibacterial compounds a necessity. MXenes have emerged as biocompatible transition metal carbide structures with extensive biomedical applications. This is related to the MXenes’ unique combination of properties, including multifarious elemental compositions, 2D‐layered structure, large surface area, abundant surface terminations, and excellent photothermal and photoelectronic properties. The focus of this review is the antibacterial application of MXenes, which has attracted the attention of researchers since 2016. A quick overview of the synthesis strategies of MXenes is provided and then summarizes the effect of various factors (including structural properties, optical properties, surface charges, flake size, and dispersibility) on the biocidal activity of MXenes. The main mechanisms for deactivating bacteria by MXenes are discussed in detail including rupturing of the bacterial membrane by sharp edges of MXenes nanoflakes, generating the reactive oxygen species (ROS), and photothermal deactivating of bacteria. Hybridization of MXenes with other organic and inorganic materials can result in materials with improved biocidal activities for different applications such as wound dressings and water purification. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of MXene nanomaterials as biocidal agents are presented.

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Section: Cytotoxicity and Environmental Impacts Of Mxenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

MXenes Antibacterial Properties and Applications: A Review and Perspective

Seidi

Shamsabadi

Firouzjaei

et al. 2023

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“…However, this controversy about toxicity is generally associated with the material’s dose, mode of exposure, cell type and specific MXene types. It has also been reported that MXene stability is a major concern, as degradation of MXene may produce toxic byproducts with potential impacts on the ecosystem [ 70 ]. Going further, MXene is prone to oxidation, and it is unclear where this issue would limit the MXene prospects [ 71 ].…”

Section: Limitations Of Mxene Modified Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel MXene-Modified Polyphenyl Sulfone Membranes for Functional Nanofiltration of Heavy Metals-Containing Wastewater

et al. 2023

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In this work, MXene as a hydrophilic 2D nanosheet has been suggested to tailor the polyphenylsulfone (PPSU) flat sheet membrane characteristics via bulk modification. The amount of MXene varied in the PPSU casting solution from 0–1.5 wt.%, while a series of characterization tools have been employed to detect the surface characteristics changes. This included atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle, pore size and porosity, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results disclosed that the MXene content could significantly influence some of the membranes’ surface characteristics while no effect was seen on others. The optimal MXene content was found to be 0.6 wt.%, as revealed by the experimental work. The roughness parameters of the 0.6 wt.% nanocomposite membrane were notably enhanced, while greater hydrophilicity has been imparted compared to the nascent PPSU membrane. This witnessed enhancement in the surface characteristics of the nanocomposite was indeed reflected in their performance. A triple enhancement in the pure water flux was witnessed without compromising the retention of the membranes against the Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pd2+ feed. In parallel, high, and comparable separation rates (>92%) were achieved by all membranes regardless of the MXene content. In addition, promising antifouling features were observed with the nanocomposite membranes, disclosing that these nanocomposite membranes could offer a promising potential to treat heavy metals-containing wastewater for various applications.

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“…81 MXenes hold a unique combination of various promising features such as the presence of redox-active sites, high anchoring capacity for biomaterials and rapid transduction of electrical and optical signals. 91,92 Such factors play a pivotal role to realize ultrasensitive biosensors with high specicity and signicantly low limits of detection (LOD). MXenes can host several target-specic biomolecules (e.g., antibodies, enzymes, aptamers, etc.…”

Section: Mxenes Supremacymentioning

confidence: 99%