Synthesis and investigation of sulfonated poly(p-phenylene)-based ionomers with precisely controlled ion exchange capacity for use as polymer electrolyte membranes

Abstract

Poly(p-phenylene)-based sulfonated polymers with well-controlled IECs were synthesized via a three-step procedure including preceding sulfonation of precursor monomers.

Structure–Property Relationships in Single-Ion Conducting Multiblock Copolymers: A Phase Diagram and Ionic Conductivities

“…Various polymer chemistries and architectures have been developed to control and investigate the ionic aggregate morphologies of SIPEs. For example, a typical aromatic ionomer with sulfonated ionic groups exhibited poorly defined ionic aggregates due to the constraints imposed by the rigid aromatic backbone. − In these highly aromatic polymers, the absence of structural information of ionic aggregate morphologies (e.g., ion–ion correlation length) limits the investigation of the morphology–property relationship . Diblock copolymers comprising aliphatic blocks and SIPE blocks with pendant ionic groups (Scheme b) have better defined ionic aggregate morphologies due to enhanced chain flexibility. ,, Note that the ionic aggregates in these materials are largely uninvestigated and are smaller than the microphase-separated morphologies of the diblock copolymers.…”

Ladder-type sulfonated poly(arylene perfluoroalkylene)s for high performance proton exchange membrane fuel cells

“…Both membranes showed high open circuit voltage (OCV) (for SPAF-mP-Lad cell, 1.01 V with O 2 and 0.97 V with air at 100% RH, 1.01 V with O 2 and 0.99 V with air at 30% RH; for SPAF-pP cell, 1.01 V with O 2 and 0.98 V with air at 100% RH, 1.03 V with O 2 and 1.01 V for with at 30% RH), supporting the above-mentioned hydrogen impermeability. 28 At 100% RH, the ohmic resistance of SPAF-mP-Lad cell was 0.07 U cm 2 both with oxygen and air, which was slightly higher than that (0.01 U cm 2 ) calculated from the proton conductivity (324 mS cm À1 , see Fig. 3) and the thickness (26 mm) probably because of the contact resistance with the catalyst layers.…”

Multi-Block Copolymer Membranes Consisting of Sulfonated Poly(p-phenylene) and Naphthalene Containing Poly(arylene Ether Ketone) for Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis

“…Typically, polymers with only a Poly( p -phenylene) based main-chain are rigid and brittle, resulting in high tensile stress but limited elongation, usually below 20%. The improved elongation at break values for the SPPNBP series suggest that these polymers have enhanced toughness and flexibility compared to pure Poly( p -phenylene) based materials [ 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ]. Poly(arylene Ether Sulfone) and Poly(arylene Ether Ketone)-based ionomers are generally known to have flexible structures due to the presence of ether (−O−) linkages.…”