Synthesis and Functional Evaluation of Soy Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Ketals as Bioplasticizers

Abstract

A facile synthesis of the soy fatty acid methyl ester ketal has been accomplished using acetone in the presence of catalytic anhydrous ferric chloride starting from commercially available soy biodiesel (soy fatty acid methyl ester) after evaluating various synthetic procedures. The soy ketal product was fully characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, infra‐red and chromatography. The physical and analytical properties of soy ketal as determined by thermogravimetric analysis, viscosity acid and saponification values are acceptable for plasticizer applications. Soy ketal was compounded with polyvinyl chloride for evaluation of plasticizer properties such as efficiency, gelation, viscosity, volatility, thickening/aging behavior and stability. The thickening and aging behaviors of the soy ketal bioplasticizer are better than those of petroleum‐based plasticizers such as diisononyl phthalate and diisononyl‐cyclohexane dicarboxylate, but they need improvement in the areas of thermal stability and water extractability.

Preparation, characterisation and antioxidant activities of rutin-loaded zein-sodium caseinate nanoparticles

“…Compared with the nanoparticles with no rutin ( Table 1 ), the particle size decreased significantly (P < 0.05). This could have occurred because the rutin affected the crystalline state of the aggregated particles [ 28 ]. Rutin acts as a plasticizer between zein-SC nanoparticles, and when a lower quantity of rutin was added, the zein nanoparticles were more uniform and stable and were smaller.…”

Modification of olefinic double bonds of unsaturated fatty acids and other vegetable oil derivatives via epoxidation: A review

“…A recent study by Kandula et al (2014) showed that fatty acid methyl ester ketals derived from soybean oil can be synthesized via the epoxide as intermediates. The synthesized soy ketal compounded with PVC exhibited better thickening and aging behaviors as compared to petroleum-based plasticizers.…”

Epoxidation of Karanja (Millettia pinnata) Oil Methyl Esters in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide over a Simple Niobium-Containing Catalyst

“…Triacylglycerols, obtained not only from vegetable origin, but also from animal sources, in fact, represent one of the cheapest and most available starting materials for replacing petroleum-derived products. Their derivatives found successful application in niche domains, such as lubricants for total-loss applications [4,5], plastifying agents for food-grade products [6,7] or intermediates for pharmaceutical uses [8,9]. However, in order to attain an appropriate degree of sustainability of the overall process and to properly tackle the fuel vs. food/feed biomass dilemma, the scientific community is paying an ever-increasing attention to oleochemicals derived from either non-edible oils, extracted from land-or water-saving crops, or animal fats, obtained from food-processing waste [10][11][12].…”