Synthesis and Evaluation of Amides as Slip Additives in Polypropylene

Coelho, Fernanda; Vieira, Luana F.; Benavides, R.; Paula, Marcos Marques da Silva; Bernardin, Adriano Michael; Magnago, Rachel Faverzani; Silva, L. da

doi:10.3139/217.3097

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Very little has been reported in the literature on slip additives diffusion, such as erucamide, oleamide, stearamide, and stearyl erucamide. The works of Cohen and Tabor, [ 16 ] Briscoe et al, [ 17 ] Ramírez et al, [ 18,19 ] Dulal et al, [ 20 ] Coelho et al, [ 21 ] and Quijada‐Garrido et al [ 12 ] have reported the CoF values for stearamide, behenamide, and erucamide in polyethylene.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Catarino-Centeno

Waldo-Mendoza

García‐Hernández

et al. 2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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A relationship between chain graft density calculated by coarse‐grained simulation and the one obtained from experimental results is compared in the present work. Two slip additives for polypropylene films were studied, erucamide and stearyl erucamide. The diffusion equation (Fick's second law) was used to relate real‐time experimental results with coarse‐grained simulations and rendered slip additive surface density as a function of the coefficient of friction. The normalized surface density values obtained from the simulation showed a qualitative trend consistent with the experimentally observed results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Catarino-Centeno

Waldo-Mendoza

García‐Hernández

et al. 2021

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…13-docosenamide was present in all the samples analyzed, while octadecanamide and hexadecanamide were only identified in three samples (AS_02, AS_04 and GA_02). They are able to reduce friction resistance and all of them belong to Class III according to Cramer rules [ 21 , 36 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Contaminants Transferred from the Packaging in Fatty Dry Foods Based on Cereals

Lestido‐Cardama

Quirós

Bustos³

et al. 2020

Foods

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Food packaging has received special attention from the food safety standpoint since it could be a potential source of contamination through the migration of chemical substances from the packaging material into food. The assessment of the exposure through the diet to these contaminants from food packaging is necessary. In this work, an estimation of dietary exposure of the young Spanish population (1–17 years) to target chemicals from packaging for fatty dried foods based on cereals was assessed. For this purpose, a gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) method was developed for screening of volatile and semivolatile compounds, potential migrants from the packaging. Then, this technique was used to quantify 8 target analytes, which were previously identified in the packaging (including phthalates, acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and octocrylene), in composite food samples of fatty cereals prepared according to the consumption data for different age groups. Among the phthalates, exposure to diethyl phthalate (DEP) was the highest for the three groups considered (0.0761–0.545 µg/kg body weight/day), followed by bis(2-ethylhxyl)phathalate (DEHP), while the lowest mean intake was found for di-n-octyl phathalate (DNOP; 0.00463–0.0209 µg/kg body weight/day). The estimated dietary exposures did not exceed for any of the analytes the corresponding established tolerable daily intakes.

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confidence: 99%

“…Additives have been used for years as sliding agents to modify the tribological properties of thin films [1][2][3] . Functionalized polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) 4 and polyolefines (POs) 3,[5][6][7][8][9] surfaces with brushes composed by fatty acids (FAs) have proved to be useful to reduce the coefficient of friction (COF) of these materials. Even more, experimental results have shown that the COF depends on the hydrocarbon chain length of the FAs 4,10 , the extrusion time 11 , the surface concentration of FAs 8,9,12 , and the aging of the sample 5,9 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even more, experimental results have shown that the COF depends on the hydrocarbon chain length of the FAs 4,10 , the extrusion time 11 , the surface concentration of FAs 8,9,12 , and the aging of the sample 5,9 . One of the most popular slip agents is erucamide; this fluid-friction reducing molecule is obtained from naturally occurring fats and oils frequently used in the polymer industry [6][7][8][9]13 . However, there are other FAs used to reduce the COF, such as behenamide 4,7 , where the only structural difference between these additives is the existence of a double bond between the C-13 and C-14 atoms in the erucamide molecule (see Fig.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ab Initio Modeling Of Friction Reducing Agents Shows Quantum Mechanical Interactions Can Have Macroscopic Manifestation

2016

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Two of the most commonly encountered friction reducing agents used in plastic sheet production are the amides known as erucamide and behenamide, which despite being almost identical chemically, lead to markedly different values of the friction coefficient. To understand the origin of this contrasting behavior, in this work we model brushes made of these two types of linear -chain molecules using quantum mechanical numerical simulations under the Density Functional Theory at the B97D/6-31G(d,p) level of theory. Four chains of erucamide and behenamide were linked to a 2X10 zigzag graphene sheet and optimized both in vacuum and in continuous solvent using the SMD implicit solvation model. We find that erucamide chains tend to remain closer together through π -π stacking interactions arising from the double bonds located at C13-C14, a feature behenamide lacks and thus a more spread configuration is obtained with the latter. It is argued that this arrangement of the erucamide chains is responsible for the lower friction coefficient of erucamide brushes, compared with behenamide brushes, which is a macroscopic consequence of cooperative quantum mechanical interactions. While only quantum level interactions are modeled here, we show that behenamide chains are more spread out in the brush than erucamide chains as a consequence of those interactions. The spread out configuration allows more solvent particles to penetrate the brush, leading in turn to more friction, in agreement with macroscopic measurements and mesoscale simulations of the friction coefficient reported in the literature.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Amides as Slip Additives in Polypropylene

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Estimation of Dietary Exposure to Contaminants Transferred from the Packaging in Fatty Dry Foods Based on Cereals

Ab Initio Modeling Of Friction Reducing Agents Shows Quantum Mechanical Interactions Can Have Macroscopic Manifestation

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