Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Catarino-Centeno, R.; Waldo-Mendoza, Miguel A.; García‐Hernández, Erwin; Pérez-López, José E

doi:10.1002/vnl.21820

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Dependencies of the COF on the lubricant content on the sample surface have already been reported in literature. [ 32,33 ] Although these studies refer to erucamide as a lubricant, similar behavior is assumed for oleamide, which was observed in the current study. Ramirez et al [ 34 ] observed a relationship between the surface concentration of erucamide and the COF of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) films.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Determination of oleamide bulk‐to‐surface distribution in polypropylene for medical use depending on sterilization method and storage time

Berghaus¹,

Ruppel²,

Martin³

et al. 2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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Oleamide is used as a lubricant in the manufacturing and application of polypropylene (PP) medical devices. Samples of PP were prepared with 0, 1500, and 15 000 ppm oleamide content as lubricant. The samples were either left non-sterile, sterilized with ethylene oxide (ETO), γ-radiation (γ) or autoclaved (A) and stored for up to 4 weeks. To determine the oleamide bulk-to-surface distribution depending on sterilization method and storage time an extraction method and a washing technique were applied. The oleamide content was determined by gas chromatography (GC-FID) and compared with the coefficient of friction (COF). The COF dependent on the measured lubricant content at the surface. The content of lubricant on the surface depends on the type of sterilization: ETO increased the lubricant content to some extent, γ-sterilization and autoclaving reduced it. After storage, no migration of the lubricant to the surface could be detected.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 61%

Determination of oleamide bulk‐to‐surface distribution in polypropylene for medical use depending on sterilization method and storage time

Berghaus¹,

Ruppel²,

Martin³

et al. 2022

Vinyl Additive Technology

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“…The CoF graph in Figure 8 indicates that as the concentration of recovered (Z)-13-docosenamide increased, the CoF reduction depends on the concentration of (Z)-13docosenamide, its process diffusion, and film thickness. Initially, the COF was observed at 1, and as time passed, it tended to stabilize at approximately 0.22 [27]. Therefore, it remained within the recommended levels to facilitate the sliding of the film on the surface.…”

Section: Pp Resin Cofmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…A slip and friction tester (Model 32-07; Testing Machines, Inc., New Castle, DE, USA) was used to measure the CoF (ASTM D1894). The coefficient of friction (CoF) was calculated by dividing the kinetic force (fk), which is necessary to move one surface over another [27,41].…”

Section: Friction Coefficient (Cof)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it can generate hydroperoxide derivatives through the oxidation of the compound [23][24][25][26]. Erucamide is used in the production of polypropylene (PP) as a slip agent, meaning that it reduces the coefficient of friction (CoF) of PP [27]. Erucamide migration, distribution, and nanomechanical properties, along with the effect of the erucamide concentration and ambient temperature on its surface structure, have been widely studied.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of (Z)-13-Docosenamide from Industrial Wastewater and Its Application in the Production of Virgin Polypropylene to Improve the Coefficient of Friction in Film Type Applications

2023

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Additives play an important role in the production of plastic materials through their application, in which the mechanical, thermal, and physical properties of polymers are improved, making them last longer and be more resistant. During the synthesis of polypropylene resins, the remains of additives that are not absorbed by the resin are removed in the purification stage and end up in the wastewater. In this article, the recovery of (Z)-13-docosenamide from the wastewater from the process, its purification, and its application in the process was carried out. For the extraction of the additive, solid phase extraction (SPE) was used, and to guarantee the purity of (Z)-13-docosenamide, techniques such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), thermogravimetric (TG) coupled with a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used. The recovered erucamide was added to the PP between 0.05 and 0.3% w/w. The effects of the properties of the virgin polypropylene with the recovered additive were also evaluated to determine its effectiveness in improving the properties of the material by measuring the coefficient of friction (CoF) as well as the mechanical properties and wettability through atomic force microscopy (AFM) and the contact angle, respectively. It was discovered that using these techniques, it is possible to recover approximately 95% of the additive present in the water while keeping the material’s properties within the desired limits.

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“…Catarino-Centeno et al (2020) telah meneliti tentang perubahan koefisien gesekan film dengan aditif erucamide dan stearyl erucamide serta campuran keduanya. Hasil menyimpulkan bahwa bahwa koefisien gesekan film akan menurun dan campuran antara aditif erucamide dengan stearyl erucamide dapat mengurangi COF ke nilai sekitar 0,22 atau kurang [15]. Aditif slip berpengaruh terhadap sifat optik film, secara umum diidentifikasikan sebagai kejernihan film (clarity).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

The Effect of Slip Polymer Additives on the Characteristics of Polyethylene Films

2023

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Polymer additive’s function is to improve film quality, including slip additives which function as film surface lubricants. Slip additives affect the physical characteristics of the film as indicated by the coefficient of friction and optical properties. In this research, the influence of slip additives and the aging time of the coefficient of friction (COF) and the optical properties of polyethylene (PE) films have been studied. The optical properties of the film are measured based on the haze value and the gloss value. The additives used in this study were erucamide, stearyl erucamide, and a mixture of the two. Observations were made for 14 days at 23 °C and 50 °C. Measurements of the COF, haze value, and gloss value were carried out on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, and 14. The results showed that the lowest COF was produced on films with erucamide additives. Films with erucamide additives had the best friction coefficient value of 0.129 on the 3rd day of aging at 50 °C, a haze value of 4.63% and a gloss value of 56.5 GU.

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Relationship between the coefficient of friction of additive in the bulk and chain graft surface density through a diffusion process: Erucamide–stearyl erucamide mixtures in polypropylene films

Cited by 8 publications

References 32 publications

Determination of oleamide bulk‐to‐surface distribution in polypropylene for medical use depending on sterilization method and storage time

Determination of oleamide bulk‐to‐surface distribution in polypropylene for medical use depending on sterilization method and storage time

Recovery of (Z)-13-Docosenamide from Industrial Wastewater and Its Application in the Production of Virgin Polypropylene to Improve the Coefficient of Friction in Film Type Applications

The Effect of Slip Polymer Additives on the Characteristics of Polyethylene Films

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