Synthesis and characterization of novel rhodium and ruthenium based iminopyridyl complexes and their application in 1-octene hydroformylation

Phosphorus-free nitrogen-containing catalytic systems for hydroformylation and tandem hydroformylation-based reactions

“…A number of rhodium complexes with iminopyridyl ligands were obtained by Makhubela et al [47] and October and Mapolie [48] (Scheme 5). The main purpose of both of those works was to produce dendrimeric complexes containing several rhodium sites, but their low-molecularweight analogs were also tested for hydroformylation.…”

Chitosan‐Silica as a Cheap Carrier and Green Soft Ligand for Improved Ru‐catalyzed Hydroformylation

“…However the nature and oxidation state of the mononuclear ruthenium active site has not been reported disclosed so far. In addition, other Ru precursors, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes have been also explored [41–43] …”

“…In addition, other Ru precursors, such as homogeneous and heterogeneous Ru(II) and Ru(III) complexes have been also explored. [41][42][43] Despite all these advances, short and easily scalable syntheses methods that are economically viable, green, and safe to the point of avoiding the use of flammable and/or toxic phosphines are necessary for large scale hydroformylation plants. [44] To this respect, intensive efforts have been focused on the immobilization of homogeneous catalysts on inorganic/ organic compounds (i. e. polymers, zeolites, polyoxometalates, …), which in some cases mimic the behavior of soft ligands and modulate the leaching of active sites through a dynamic anchoring/release process avoiding their irreversible reduction toward metallic agglomerates.…”