Synthesis and characterization of novel biobased benzoxazines from cardbisphenol and the properties of their polymers

Abstract

Two types of novel biobased benzoxazine monomers (named as CBB and CBF, respectively) from cardbisphenol were synthesized by a solventless method. The chemical structure of the monomers was confirmed by FTIR, 1 H NMR and 13 C NMR spectra, etc. FTIR and DSC showed that CBB and CBF were thermally initiated and polymerized via ring-opening polymerization. As a result, the thin polybenzoxazine (named as PCBB and PCBF, respectively) films can be obtained. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) indicated that the glass transition temperatures (T g ) of PCBB and PCBF were 94 C and 121 C, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that the thermal stability of PCBF was better that of PCBB. Both PCBB and PCBF had low humidity absorption values.

Synthesis and properties of a novel bio‐based benzoxazine resin with excellent low‐temperature curing ability

“…The signal at 180 ppm was attributed to the carbon of the carboxyl group. Signals at 109 ppm, 110 ppm and 143 ppm corresponded to the carbons on the furan ring …”

Facile and green preparation of biobased graphene oxide/furan resin nanocomposites with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties

“…FGO1 showed a maximum increase of 72.3% in tensile strength. 4 These rough fracture surfaces can be attributed to the good compatibility, interaction and crosslinking reaction between the GO and furan resin. The enhanced tensile properties can be attributed to the homogeneous dispersion of GO in furan resin and the hydrogen bond and crosslinking reaction between the GO and furan resin.…”

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Furan resin is a typical class of biobased thermosetting resin. [1][2][3][4][5][6] Furan resin is a typical class of biobased thermosetting resin.…”

Cardanol Benzoxazines: A Versatile Monomer with Advancing Applications

“…Interestingly, in another approach instead of using diamine to form bis‐benzoxazine, cardanol is converted to cardbisphenol (CB) containing two phenolic functionalities. These phenolic‐OHs are then condensed with aniline (a) and furfurylamine (fa) to form CB‐a and CB‐fa, respectively …”

“…These phenolic OHs are then condensed with aniline (a) and furfurylamine (fa) to form CBa and CBfa, respectively. [43] Higher functionality of benzoxazine monomers from mono to tetra is synthesized in a symmetric fashion using appropriate selection of amines, namely "a," "ddm," trispaminophenyl methane (trisapm), and tetrapaminophenylmethane (tapm) to form mono, bis, tris, tetra, and hexabenzoxazine. [16,44] The degree of oxazine functionality in the monomer revealed a significant effect on the thermomechanical properties of the soformed PBz.…”