Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

Anyika, Chinedum; Asri, Nur Asilayana Mohd; Majid, Zaiton Abdul; Yahya, Adibah; Jaafar, Juhana

doi:10.1007/s41204-017-0027-6

Cited by 66 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…On the other hand, the XRD pattern of the MAG-OSBC shows three intense peaks that could be assigned to cubic Fe 3 O 4 (ICDD: 98-015-8743) at 2θ 30.15 • , 35.59 • , and 57.27 • . These findings are in good agreement with the similar observation that was previously reported [53,54]. The obtained findings confirm the presence of cubic Fe 3 O 4 magnetic nanoparticles on the surface of the MAG-OSBC.…”

Section: Textural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The obtained XRD pattern for the OSBC sample shows a broad peak in the range of 2θ 17 • -28 • , signifying the amorphous state of the OSBC. The same was observed for the MAG-OSBC, confirming the presence of a carbon layer with magnetite nanoparticles [53]. On the other hand, the XRD pattern of the MAG-OSBC shows three intense peaks that could be assigned to cubic Fe 3 O 4 (ICDD: 98-015-8743) at 2θ 30.15 • , 35.59 • , and 57.27 • .…”

Section: Textural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 73%

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Adsorption Characteristics of Pristine and Magnetic Olive Stones Biochar with Respect to Clofazimine

et al. 2021

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Olive stone biochars (OSBC), both pristine and following magnetization (MAG–OSBC), were utilized as eco-friendly and cost-effective sorbents for the antituberculosis, clofazimine (CLOF). Morphologies, textures, surface functionalities, and thermal stabilities of both adsorbents were explored using SEM, EDX, TEM, BET, FT-IR, Raman, XRD and TGA analyses. SEM analysis showed meso- and macroporous surfaces. BET data showed that the MAG–OSBC possesses a larger surface area (33.82 m2/g) and pore volume. Batch adsorption studies were conducted following the experimental scenario of Box–Behnken (BB) design. The adsorption efficiency of both adsorbents was evaluated in terms of the % removal (%R) and the sorption capacity (qe, mg/g). Dependent variables (%R and qe) were maximized as a function of four factors: pH, sorbent dose (AD), the concentration of CLOF ([CLOF]), and contact time (CT). A %R of 98.10% and 98.61% could be obtained using OSBC and MAG–OSBC, respectively. Equilibrium studies indicated that both Langmuir and Freundlich models were perfectly fit for adsorption of CLOF. Maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 174.03 mg/g was obtained using MAG–OSBC. Adsorption kinetics could be best illustrated using the pseudo-second-order (PSO) model. The adsorption–desorption studies showed that both adsorbents could be restored with the adsorption efficiency being conserved up to 92% after the sixth cycles.

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Section: Textural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Textural Propertiessupporting

confidence: 73%

Adsorption Characteristics of Pristine and Magnetic Olive Stones Biochar with Respect to Clofazimine

et al. 2021

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“…The diffraction peaks of MIL-100(Fe) @Fe 3 O 4 @AC have special peaks of each of the three absorbents AC, Fe 3 O 4 , and MIL-100 (Fe), which indicates the appropriate formation of the absorbent. The diffraction peaks at 2θ = 24°, and 26.78° are related to AC [38], while diffraction patterns at 2θ = 31.87°, 35.75°,43.41°, 57.50°, and 63° conform well with peaks of standard Fe 3 O 4 [39,40,41]. Whereas the peaks that appeared at 2θ = 2.25°, 3.44°, 3.89°, 5.47°, 11.12°, 13.14° and 20.10° represented good agreement with already those of the simulated MIL-100(Fe) (Figure 1c) [36,42].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

In Situ Synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) at the Surface of Fe3O4@AC as Highly Efficient Dye Adsorbing Nanocomposite

Hamedi

Trotta

Zarandi

et al. 2019

IJMS

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A new magnetic nanocomposite called MIL-100(Fe) @Fe3O4@AC was synthesized by the hydrothermal method as a stable adsorbent for the removal of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye from aqueous medium. In this work, in order to increase the carbon uptake capacity, magnetic carbon was first synthesized and then the Fe3O4 was used as the iron (III) supplier to synthesize MIL-100(Fe). The size of these nanocomposite is about 30–50 nm. Compared with activated charcoal (AC) and magnetic activated charcoal (Fe3O4@AC) nanoparticles, the surface area of MIL-100(Fe) @Fe3O4@AC were eminently increased while the magnetic property of this adsorbent was decreased. The surface area of AC, Fe3O4@AC, and MIL-100(Fe) @Fe3O4@AC was 121, 351, and 620 m2/g, respectively. The magnetic and thermal property, chemical structure, and morphology of the MIL-100(Fe) @Fe3O4@AC were considered by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), zeta potential, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunner-Emmet-Teller (BET), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses. The relatively high adsorption capacity was obtained at about 769.23 mg/g compared to other adsorbents to eliminate RhB dye from the aqueous solution within 40 min. Studies of adsorption kinetics and isotherms showed that RhB adsorption conformed the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second-order kinetic model. Thermodynamic amounts depicted that the RhB adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic process. In addition, the obtained nanocomposite exhibited good reusability after several cycles. All experimental results showed that MIL-100(Fe) @Fe3O4@AC could be a prospective sorbent for the treatment of dye wastewater.

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“…The characteristic GO peak appears at 10.5 • 2θ, confirming its successful preparation [30]. A sharp peak at 26.7 • corresponds to the existence of some unoxidized graphite fractions in the sample [35] [36]. These confirm the presence of magnetic iron oxides loaded on the surface of GO.…”

Section: Characterization Of the Catalystmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…75-0033 and card No. 39-1346, respectively [ 36 ]. These confirm the presence of magnetic iron oxides loaded on the surface of GO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillate Fractions Using Manganese Dioxide Supported on Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide as Catalyst

et al. 2021

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In this study, oxidative desulfurization (ODS) of modeled and real oil samples was investigated using manganese-dioxide-supported, magnetic-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (MnO2/MrGO) as a catalyst in the presence of an H2O2/HCOOH oxidation system. MnO2/MrGO composite was synthesized and characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The optimal conditions for maximum removal of dibenzothiophene (DBT) from modeled oil samples were found to be efficient at 40 °C temperature, 60 min reaction time, 0.08 g catalyst dose/10 mL, and 2 mL of H2O2/formic acid, under which MnO2/MrGO exhibited intense desulfurization activity of up to 80%. Under the same set of conditions, the removal of only 41% DBT was observed in the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as the catalyst, which clearly indicated the advantage of MrGO in the composite catalyst. Under optimized conditions, sulfur removal in real oil samples, including diesel oil, gasoline, and kerosene, was found to be 67.8%, 59.5%, and 51.9%, respectively. The present approach is credited to cost-effectiveness, environmental benignity, and ease of preparation, envisioning great prospects for desulfurization of fuel oils on a commercial level.

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Synthesis and characterization of magnetic activated carbon developed from palm kernel shells

Cited by 66 publications

References 41 publications

Adsorption Characteristics of Pristine and Magnetic Olive Stones Biochar with Respect to Clofazimine

Adsorption Characteristics of Pristine and Magnetic Olive Stones Biochar with Respect to Clofazimine

In Situ Synthesis of MIL-100(Fe) at the Surface of Fe3O4@AC as Highly Efficient Dye Adsorbing Nanocomposite

Oxidative Desulfurization of Petroleum Distillate Fractions Using Manganese Dioxide Supported on Magnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide as Catalyst

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