“…SPIONs have been synthesized by several methods [9] such as solvothermal and co-precipitation synthesis, combustion, thermal decomposition of precursors, reverse micelles, and sol-gel methods, however, the most common is co-precipitation, offering simple and low-cost synthesis with control of particles size, crystallinity and magnetic properties [10], features necessary for use of SPIONs for magnetic hyperthermia, i.e., the therapeutic treatment of cancer by heat generated by SPIONs under the influence of alternating magnetic field [11,12]. Although doping of SPIONs with lanthanides like Gd 3+ or Ho 3+ , by substitution of Fe 3+ in Fe 3 O 4 core usually decreases magnetic properties, it can also broaden their applications in endoratiotherapy, when non-radioactive Ho cations are replaced with 166 Ho radionuclides emitting soft, β(-) radiation [13,14]. Such lanthanide-doped SPIONs are promising candidates for multimodal effect of targeted drug delivery, combined with 18.2 MΩ cm at 25 °C was obtained using the Milli-Q ultra-pure water filtering system from Merck (Warsaw, Poland).…”