Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composite anion exchange membranes for fuel cells

Xiong, Ying; Liu, Qing Lin; Zhu, Ai Mei

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2008.06.004

Cited by 164 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Sebagai contoh, membran CS telah digunakan dalam desalinasi (Huang et al, 2008;Huang et al, 2009), pervaporasi dehidrasi organik (Zhao et al, 2011), pemisahan gas (Shen et al, 2013), dan bahan bakar sel (Horimatsu et al, 2013;Xiong et al, 2008). Namun, CS masih memiliki beberapa kekurangan karena sifatnya yang rapuh dan hidroskopis.…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Optimasi pembuatan membran chitosam dalam penurunan COD dan BOD POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) [Optimization of the membrane production process to COD and BOD removal of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)]

Wahyuni¹,

Siswanto²,

Damayanti³

2016

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Oil palm is the most important estate crop in Indonesia. One of the major problems in palm oil industry is the difficulty to degrade palm oil mill effluent (POME) due to the high content of COD and BOD. POME can be processed physico-chemically using membrane filtration technology. Chitosan is one of the most widely used materials for producing membrane filtration. Composite of chitosan-PVA-PEG is a highly mixture absorbent, which may possibly be used as a membrane in filtration process of POME. The experiment was started with the production of composite membrane, and then filtration application using cross-flow reactor system. The variables of this experiment were chitosan and PVA ratio (3:7, 4:6, 1:1, 6:4 and 7:3 ) AbstrakKelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan terpenting di Indonesia. Salah satu kendala utama yang dialami industri kelapa sawit saat ini adalah sulitnya proses degradasi limbah cair kelapa sawit (LCKS) akibat tingginya kandungan COD dan BOD. Secara fisika-kimia, POME dapat diolah menggunakan teknologi filtrasi membran. Kitosan merupakan salah satu bahan yang banyak digunakan dalam pembuatan membran filtrasi. Komposit kitosan-PVA-PEG merupakan campuran yang memiliki daya serap tinggi sehingga memungkinkan digunakan sebagai membran dalam filtrasi POME. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan membran komposit, dilanjutkan dengan aplikasi filtrasi menggunakan sistem reaktor cross flow. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu ratio kitosan:PVA (3:7, 4:6, 1:1, 6:4 dan 7:3) dan kecepatan pengadukan (100 rpm dan 300 rpm). Pengujian pada reaktor dilakukan selama 50 menit dan permeate diambil setiap 10 menit. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah fluks, COD dan BOD. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan didapatkan nilai fluks tertinggi pada variasi kecepatan pengadukan 100 rpm dan 300 rpm masingmasing sebesar 40,20 L/m 2 .jam dan 27,15 L/m 2 .jam. Nilai rejeksi COD dan BOD tertinggi diperoleh pada rasio membran 1:1 dan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm yaitu masing-masing 97,24% dan 97,60%.[Kata kunci: membran kitosan, fluks, rejeksi BOD dan COD, POME] PendahuluanPenanganan limbah pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) khususnya limbah cair masih menjadi masalah yang disebabkan sulitnya proses degradasi limbah cair kelapa sawit (POME) akibat tingginya kuantitas dan kandungan kontaminan. POME mengandung COD sebesar 25.000-36.000 mg/L dan BOD sebesar 23.000-32.000 mg/L (Rahardjo, 2005). Nilai tersebut masih belum memenuhi kriteria baku mutu limbah cair industri kelapa sawit khususnya nilai COD yang masih jauh di atas 350 mg/L dan nilai BOD yang masih di atas 100 mg/L (Peraturan Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup, 2014). Sampai saat ini hampir semua PKS di Indonesia masih menggunakan metode konvensional dalam pengolahan POME dengan sistem kolam limbah (anaerobic-aerobic pond), namun sistem kolam ini kurang ramah lingkungan karena melepaskan banyak gas metana ke atmosfer. Oleh karena itu diperlukan perbaikan dan penyempurnaan sistem industri khususnya penanganan limbah cair POME dalam penurunan COD dan BOD. *) Penulis korespondensi:

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

Optimasi pembuatan membran chitosam dalam penurunan COD dan BOD POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) [Optimization of the membrane production process to COD and BOD removal of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)]

Wahyuni¹,

Siswanto²,

Damayanti³

2016

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“…It was concluded that membrane structure was the principal factor for affecting the conductivity and methanol permeability of membranes. A series of quaternized-chitosan derivatives (QCDs) with various degrees of quarternization was synthesized using glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride as a main quaternized reagent [114]. These QCDs were then processed into hydroxide by dipping the resultant membranes in aqueous potassium hydroxide solutions.…”

Section: +-22mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of the overall selectivity index (β = σ/P), the PEC membrane showed a remarkably higher selectivity than Nafion®117 and, furthermore, the overall selectivity index increased with the increase of P(AA-AMPS) content. This kind of PEC membranes jointly utilized the methanol-rejecting property of one polyelectrolyte and the proton-conducting property of the other polyelectrolyte showed a promising application for DMFCs [129][130][131][132]. Organic-inorganic nanostructured composites constitute an emerging research field, which has opened the possibility of tailoring new materials because they combine in a single solid both the attractive properties of a mechanically and thermally stable inorganic backbone and the specific chemical reactivity and flexibility of the organo functional groups.…”

Section: +-22mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan Based Membranes for Separation, Pervaporation and Fuel Cell Applications: Recent Developments

Chakrabarty¹,

Kumar²,

Shahi³

2010

Biopolymers

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“…Membrane performance can be considerably enhanced using multi-component materials, i.e., either by blending different polymeric materials or by altering the chemistry of the polymer [4,5] to improve the properties corresponding to strength, ionic conductivity, thermal and chemical stability, and permeability. Moreover, doping or hybridizing the polymeric matrix via sol-gel methods with inorganic [6] and organic [6,7] salts may also enhance membrane performance [8][9][10]. Particularly, carbonaceous materials are known as additives capable of improving the ionic conductivity, reducing the permeability and increasing the robustness [11][12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol/Chitosan Hybrid Membranes Doped with Graphene Nanosheets

Acurio¹,

García‐Cruz²,

Montiel³

et al. 2017

AMT

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The development of ion exchange membrane technology has allowed its introduction in many industrial sectors, such as electrodialysis and electrolysis. Nowadays, membranes are the crucial element in electrochemical energy conversion and storage devices. This work is aimed at examining new eco-friendly membranes materials to improve structural, mechanical, electrical and barrier properties. A simple and ecological synthesis of alkaline anion exchange membranes based on a mixed matrix membrane of chitosan (CS) and poly(vinyl) alcohol (PVA) -CS:PVA polymeric matrix -was developed by using a 50:50 wt. % ratio. The CS:PVA matrix was modified with variable loadings of graphene pristine sheets (GPH) ranging between 0,5 and 4.0 wt. %. The physico-chemical characterization of each of the membranes prepared was carried out in order to examine the topology, structure, thermal stability, surface chemistry, and water content (WC), as well as the ionic conductivity by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results revealed that the incorporation of graphene (GPH) into the CS:PVA polymeric matrix leads to the improvement of the thermal stability, and the ionic conductivity of the pristine polymeric matrix. The loading of 1.0 wt. % of GPH into CS:PVA was optimal in terms of specific ionic conductivity that is related to surface chemistry of the membrane, WC, and slight roughness of the membrane topology. The presence of GPH only provided a slight loss of crystallinity of the memebrane compared to the unmodified CS:PVA membrane, which also resulted in the reduction of water content with moderately GPH loadings. With regard to the ionic conductivity, an almost twofold increase was obtained compared to the pure CS:PVA for an optimal loading of 1.0 wt. %.

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Synthesis and characterization of cross-linked quaternized poly(vinyl alcohol)/chitosan composite anion exchange membranes for fuel cells

Cited by 164 publications

References 22 publications

Optimasi pembuatan membran chitosam dalam penurunan COD dan BOD POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) [Optimization of the membrane production process to COD and BOD removal of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)]

Optimasi pembuatan membran chitosam dalam penurunan COD dan BOD POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) [Optimization of the membrane production process to COD and BOD removal of POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent)]

Chitosan Based Membranes for Separation, Pervaporation and Fuel Cell Applications: Recent Developments

Preparation of Poly(Vinyl) Alcohol/Chitosan Hybrid Membranes Doped with Graphene Nanosheets

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