Synthesis and characterization of a fluorinated cross-linked anion exchange membrane

Highly ionic-conductive crosslinked cardo poly(arylene ether sulfone)s as anion exchange membranes for alkaline fuel cells

“…A membrane with higher σ/SR indicates that a higher conductivity can be obtained at the same swelling ratio. As listed in Table 3, in comparison with the commercial proton exchange membrane Nafion s 117 and the currently reported crosslinked AEMs [10,16,28,29], the MIM-CPES-x/y membranes are found to have a much higher σ/SR value. The presence of cardo-type structure, phenolphthalein and fluorene groups, could force each polymer chain apart resulting in large interchain separations (free volume) in which water molecules could be confined [21,22].…”

“…However, because the conductivity of OH À is much lower than that of H þ in an aqueous phase, a higher density of conductive groups is required in AEMs to obtain a high conductivity [9]. Paradoxically, a high density of conductive groups will lead to a poor dimensional stability, mechanical stability and solvent resistance of AEMs [10]. This makes it impossible to construct membrane electrode assembly (MEA).…”

“…An effective and direct approach to solve this problem is to crosslink the polymer chain [11,12]. In most cases, crosslinking was conducted by introducing a micromolecular crosslinker to combine neighboring polymers or bonding halomethyl groups (-CH 2 Cl or -CH 2 Br) with aromatic rings of near polymer chains [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The first pathway mentioned above needs to introduce a separate crosslinker molecule.…”

Influence of phenolphthalein groups on the structure and properties of poly(arylene ether sulfone nitrile)-based anion exchange membranes for fuel cells

“…4, the ImPPESN-x membranes located on the top portion of the upper left-hand corner on the graph have larger relative conductivity and lower relative swelling ratio than ImPESN-2.92 and other AEMs with similar main chain structures (PSf-ImmOH-60 (random), 31 C-FPAEO-75-MIM (cross-linking), 32 L-FPAEO-75-MIM (random), 32 QPAE-X8Y8 (block), 33 APES-0.4 (block) 20 and PEEK-ImOH 80% (random) 34 ). We used the ImPESN-2.92 membrane as the basis for comparison and set both the conductivity and swelling ratio of ImPESN-2.92 to be 1.…”

Investigation on structure and properties of anion exchange membranes based on tetramethylbiphenol moieties containing copoly(arylene ether)s

“…The researches on AEM have been mushrooming in recent years. Alkaline doped polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/ KOH, PVA/layered double hydroxide, and polybenzimidazole/ KOH, [10][11][12] hybrid membranes (e.g., PPO-SiO 2 ), 13 (semi)interpenetrated polymer networks (sIPN) (e.g., poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(1,3-diethyl-1-vinylimidazolium bromide)), 14 AEMs-based chemical modified aliphatic ethers, 15,16 poly(phenylene), 17 poly(benzimidazole), 18 poly(aromatic ether)s, [19][20][21][22][23][24] poly(ether imide), 25 and fluorinated polymers 26,27 have been reported. Owing to the outstanding chemical and thermal stabilities, poly(arylene ether)s (PAEs), especially poly(arylene ether sulfone) and poly(arylene ether ketone), are the choices of many investigations.…”