Abstract:Syngas production by inert porous media combustion of rich biogas-air mixtures was studied experimentally, focusing on carbon dioxide utilization and process efficiency. Different gas mixtures of natural gas and carbon dioxide, which simulated a typical biogas composition of 100:0, 70:30, 55:45, and 40:60 (CH 4 :CO 2 ), were comparatively analyzed considering combustion waves temperatures and velocities, and chemical concentrations products, at high equivalence ratios of ϕ = 1.5 and ϕ = 2.0. Different CO 2 con… Show more
“…Currently, the most popular ones are steam methane reforming (SMR), − autothermal reforming (ATR), ,− partial oxidation (POX), , and coal gasification (CG) . In the past years, due to the large availability of coal mines, many institutions devoted great efforts to making more appealing and environmentally sustainable CG plants mainly driven by the growth of the Chinese internal methanol market. , More recently, different strategies have been proposed to reduce the environmental impact of CG plants for methanol synthesis: the use of biomass from anaerobic digestion as an alternative feedstock ,− or the application of more innovative technologies to obtain syngas while purifying streams from common coal pollutants such as carbon dioxide and H 2 S (AG2S technology − ).…”
Recently,
methanol has gained increasing attention thanks to the
variety of feedstocks suitable for its production and its low environmental
impact granting the molecule a key role in future economic roadmaps
as in Olah’s development model. Nowadays, fossil sources are
not the exclusive sources to produce syngas: biogas is a promising
alternative, leading to less severe operating conditions and smaller
plant scales. The most widespread kinetic models for methanol synthesis,
namely, the Graaf and the Vanden Bussche–Froment models, will
be proven not to be fully adequate in characterizing these conditions.
A robust refit is shown to outperform predictions from conventional
models and follow recent trends in process operations. The refitted
Graaf model is more flexible on the operating conditions and feed
compositions, removing also some infeasible discontinuities present
in conventional models. The final result is a more generalized and
accurate Graaf’s model for methanol synthesis on CZA catalysts.
“…Currently, the most popular ones are steam methane reforming (SMR), − autothermal reforming (ATR), ,− partial oxidation (POX), , and coal gasification (CG) . In the past years, due to the large availability of coal mines, many institutions devoted great efforts to making more appealing and environmentally sustainable CG plants mainly driven by the growth of the Chinese internal methanol market. , More recently, different strategies have been proposed to reduce the environmental impact of CG plants for methanol synthesis: the use of biomass from anaerobic digestion as an alternative feedstock ,− or the application of more innovative technologies to obtain syngas while purifying streams from common coal pollutants such as carbon dioxide and H 2 S (AG2S technology − ).…”
Recently,
methanol has gained increasing attention thanks to the
variety of feedstocks suitable for its production and its low environmental
impact granting the molecule a key role in future economic roadmaps
as in Olah’s development model. Nowadays, fossil sources are
not the exclusive sources to produce syngas: biogas is a promising
alternative, leading to less severe operating conditions and smaller
plant scales. The most widespread kinetic models for methanol synthesis,
namely, the Graaf and the Vanden Bussche–Froment models, will
be proven not to be fully adequate in characterizing these conditions.
A robust refit is shown to outperform predictions from conventional
models and follow recent trends in process operations. The refitted
Graaf model is more flexible on the operating conditions and feed
compositions, removing also some infeasible discontinuities present
in conventional models. The final result is a more generalized and
accurate Graaf’s model for methanol synthesis on CZA catalysts.
“…Each pretreatment has merits and demerits and should be chosen carefully to improve methane yield and avoid downstream processing (Periyasamy et al 2022 ). After the anaerobic digestion process, biogas can be combusted directly as a cooking fuel (Rajendran et al 2013 ), combusted in a combined heat and power unit for heat and power generation (Yin et al 2021 ), combusted in a boiler for heat generation (Kim et al 2020 ), reformed for hydrogen production (Guerrero et al 2020 ), or upgraded into pure biomethane (Ardolino et al 2021 ). Another important process after anaerobic digestion is managing the digestate generated after biogas production (Alengebawy et al 2022b ).…”
The rise of global waste and the decline of fossil fuels are calling for recycling waste into energy and materials. For example, rice straw, a by-product of rice cultivation, can be converted into biogas and by-products with added value, e.g., biofertilizer, yet processing rice straw is limited by the low energy content, high ash and silica, low nitrogen, high moisture, and high-quality variability. Here, we review the recycling of rice straw with focus on the global and Chinese energy situations, conversion of rice straw into energy and gas, biogas digestate management, cogeneration, biogas upgrading, bioeconomy, and life cycle assessment. The quality of rice straw can be improved by pretreatments, such as baling, ensiling, and co-digestion of rice straw with other feedstocks. The biogas digestate can be used to fertilize soils. The average annual potential energy of collectable rice straw, with a lower heating value of 15.35 megajoule/kilogram, over the past ten years (2013–2022) could reach 2.41 × 109 megajoule.
“…13 Currently, the production of syngas predominantly relies on the conventional reforming of non-renewable sources, including fossil fuels such as natural gas, oil, and coal, generally at high temperatures and pressures. 13,58–60 Typical methods involved in syngas production include steam reforming, 61 partial oxidation, 62 and autothermal reforming or oxidative steam reforming. 63 For the first time ever, the syngas mixture (CO + H 2 ) was manufactured via the reaction between steam and incandescent coke at 1000 °C (eqn (1)).…”
Section: Background and Recent Advancements In Syngas Productionmentioning
In a holistic view, global energy generally depends on burning fossil fuels which intensify the worldwide energy crisis and level of CO2 in the atmosphere. The undesirable CO2 level in...
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