Synergistic Uric Acid‐Lowering Effects of the Combination of Chrysanthemum indicum Linne Flower and Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Persl Bark Extracts

Abstract

Chrysanthemum indicum Linne flower (CF) and Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Persl bark (CB) extracts have served as the main ingredients in several prescriptions designed to treat hyperuricemia and gout in traditional Chinese and Korean medicine. However, little is known about the combination effects of a CF and CB (CC) mixture on hyperuricemia. In our study, we investigated the antihyperuricemic effects of CC mixture and the mechanisms underlying these effects in normal and potassium oxonate- (PO-) induced hyperuricemic rats. The CC mixture significantly decreased uric acid levels in normal and PO-induced hyperuricemic rats and showed the enhanced hypouricemic effect compared to CF or CB alone. Furthermore, the CC mixture increased renal uric acid excretion in PO-induced hyperuricemic rat. We found that CC mixture and its major components, chlorogenic acid, 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (isochlorogenic acid), coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamic acid, and o-methoxycinnamaldehyde, inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase (XOD) in vitro. The CC mixture exerts antihyperuricemic effects accompanied partially by XOD activity inhibition. Therefore, the CC mixture may have potential as a treatment for hyperuricemia and gout.

DKB114, A Mixture of Chrysanthemum Indicum Linne Flower and Cinnamomum Cassia (L.) J. Presl Bark Extracts, Improves Hyperuricemia through Inhibition of Xanthine Oxidase Activity and Increasing Urine Excretion

“…Based on our previous research, we further study the understanding of the mechanism underlying the antihyperuricemic effects. In this study, we found that DKB114 significantly decreased serum uric acid levels in normal rats and rats with PO-induced hyperuricemia, consistent with that of our previous study and other studies [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, DKB114 increased uric acid levels in urine, indicating that DKB114 has the ability to increase uric acid excretion and that it might be a potent uricosuric agent, which may explain its antihyperuricemic effects.…”

“…Thus, inhibition of XOD activity should be a target to control hyperuricemia. In our study, DKB114 inhibited the in vitro XOD and hepatic XOD activity in rats with PO-induced hyperuricemia, which supports the findings of previous studies [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Furthermore, DKB114 decreased liver uric levels in hyperuricemic models, indicating that inhibition of XOD activity by DKB114 might be attributable to the reduction in uric acid production.…”

“…(2) Effects of DKB114 is direct or indirect unknown. In our previous study, HPLC showed that DKB114 contains six components: Chlorogenic acid and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid from CF and coumarin, cinnamaldehyde, trans-cinnamaldehyde, and o -methoxycinnamaldehyde from CB; these components exerted XOD inhibitory activity in vitro [ 21 ]. This suggests that these components may be partially responsible for the antihyperuricemic effects of DKB114.…”

“…In addition, C. indicum flower and C. cassia bark inhibited XOD activity in vitro, and decreased serum uric acid levels in animal models of potassium oxonate (PO)-induced hyperuricemia [ 14 , 18 , 19 , 20 ]. Interestingly, in our previous study, we demonstrated the antihyperuricemic effect of C. indicum flower and C. cassia bark as well as the synergistic antihyperuricemic effect of their mixture [ 21 ]. Furthermore, we found that the mixture and its major component inhibited XOD activity in vitro.…”

Potential role of cinnamaldehyde and costunolide to counteract metabolic syndrome induced by excessive fructose consumption

“…Furthermore, it significantly improves oxidative stress in renal tissues by suppression of free radical generation and potentiation of ADS elements [60]. Also, oral administration of cinnamaldehyde decreases serum uric acid levels and that can be explained by its ability to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme [33].…”