Synergistic Sedation With Oral Midazolam as a Premedication and Intravenous Propofol Versus Intravenous Propofol Alone in Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopies in Children

Abstract

Our data suggest that synergistic sedation with an oral dose of midazolam combined with propofol may benefit the children who undergo UGIE with regard to lower mean dose of propofol used, easier IV line placement, easier separation from the parents, less pain induced by the IV line placement and greater patient comfort.

Patient-controlled sedation in procedural care

“…All patients responded to verbal commands (OAA/S level 5-3), except five in the propofolalfentanil group (OAA/S level 2). Usage of propofol alone results in larger doses required compared to sedation for endoscopic procedures titrated with combinations of propofol and opioids [95,96]. This is also demonstrated in Study II.…”

Monitored Anesthesia Care with Propofol Versus Surgeon-Monitored Sedation with Benzodiazepines and Narcotics for Preoperative Endoscopy in the Morbidly Obese

“…Deeper sedation with propofol is not uncommon in the pediatric population [7][8][9][10]. Others have utilized propofol sedation for adult upper endoscopy [11][12][13][14][15].…”

Variation of Anesthetic Sedation Requirements in Children Undergoing Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) Test: A Retrospective Cross-sectional Study

“…Propofol is known to act via gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)A receptors [23][24][25][26]. The neurodevelopmental disorder that accompanies autism involves some structural changes such as delayed cortical development with larger white matter and lack of the mirror neuron system [27].…”