Our data suggest that synergistic sedation with an oral dose of midazolam combined with propofol may benefit the children who undergo UGIE with regard to lower mean dose of propofol used, easier IV line placement, easier separation from the parents, less pain induced by the IV line placement and greater patient comfort.

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Our data suggest that the use of cold biopsy followed by bipolar electrocoagulation using large probes and high power setting for destroying diminutive rectal adenoma seems to be equally effective and safe as MHBF.

We report the case of a testicular tumor in a boy with recurrence of brucellosis. Although the most probable diagnosis seemed to be genito-urinary complications of brucellosis, the mass proved to be a testicular tumor the large cell calcifying Sertoli cell type, coexisting with the brucellosis. Case reportA 12-year-old boy was admitted to the pediatric department of P and A Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens with a 20 day history of pain to the right lower limb and a 14 day history of low-grade fever. Six months prior to his admission, he was treated for brucellosis, with rifampicin and doxycycline for a period of 6 weeks, at the local hospital of his town. Upon admission physical examination revealed infl ammation of the metatarsophalangeal joint of the big toe of the right foot. The whole left testis was moderately swollen and a well-defi ned, fi rm and painless nodule was palpated at its upper pole. Ultrasonography revealed a well-defi ned mass 16 × 12 mm in size with calcifi cations, located in the upper pole of the left testicle ( Fig. 1). The echogenicity of the remainder of the left and the right testicle appeared normal. Computed tomography (CT) of the genitalia and abdomen confi rmed the calcifi cations in the upper pole of the left testicle. The epididymis, as shown on the ultrasonography and the CT scan, was normal without any surrounding fl uid collection. There was no evidence of extratesticular extension. Orchitis/orchiepididymitis due to brucellosis or a testicular tumor were considered. Values of follicle-stimulating hormone , testosterone, ␣ -fetoprotein and ␤ -human chorionic gonadotropin were normal. A relapse of brucellosis was confi rmed by the isolation of Brucella melitensis from blood cultures. Bone scan fi ndings were in keeping with osteomyelitis of the metatarsal bone of the big toe of the right foot as well as of the ipsilateral navicular bone. The patient was treated with streptomycin for 14 days, tetracycline and rifambicin for 6 weeks. Regarding the testicular mass, which remained unchanged, surgical exploration through an inguinal incision and excision of the nodule were performed. The excised nodule was 1.2 cm in greatest dimension. Microscopic examination of the mass revealed clusters of tubules composed of neoplastic cells separated by a connective tissue stroma, which was infi ltrated by a varying number of lymphocytes and plasma cells ( Fig. 2). The tumor cells had uniform round nuclei and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm containing granules. Between tumor cells there were small laminated deposits of calcifi ed amorphous material ( Fig. 3). Mitoses were rare. The histological fi ndings were consistent with large cell calcifying Sertoli cell tumor (LCCSCT). Neoplastic cells reached the cut surface. Taking into account that the tumor was unilateral and had a fi nite but existing risk of metastasis we proceeded to a radical left orchiectomy with high ligation of the spermatic cord. The testis that was submitted to pathologists for histological examination was 3 cm in diameter wi...

In this study, the use of large-size gold probes was significantly associated with a lower number of electrocoagulations, resulting in the reduction of electrocoagulation duration. However, the clinical relevance of these findings is questionable because the efficacy of both sizes of gold probe after adrenaline injection in the treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers was similar.

Juvenile polyps are the most common type of polyps encountered in childhood, found approximately, in 1% of the pediatric population [1]. There is a male predominance [1] and the peak age of occurrence ranges between 2-6 years [1]. Painless rectal bleeding is the most common symptom, found in 90% of cases [1]. With the advent of the colonoscopy, it has been noticed that >50% of the children have >1 polyp and about 60% of the polyps are located proximal to the rectosigmoid [2]. Because juvenile polyps are usually pedunculated, colonoscopic removal is a common and safe practice [2]. Postpolypectomy bleeding is the most common complication of endoscopic polypectomy [3]. Several studies in adults have shown that the size of the polyp is a risk factor for postpolypectomy bleeding [4]. To minimize the risk of postpolypectomy bleeding, several new techniques have been proposed. These include application of detachable snares or endoclips, injections of adrenaline solutions, and several thermal modalities. We report 4 cases of children with large pedunculated colonic polyps, removed endoscopically, having received an adrenaline injection which was administered locally and the application of a detachable snare, to minimize the risk of postpolypectomy bleeding. Then polypectomy was performed using a standard snare

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