Synergistic effects of pomegranate and rosemary extracts in combination with antibiotics against antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

The combination of plant extract and antibiotic represents a template for developing of antibiofilm drugs. This study investigated the synergistic effects of pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations against antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The results showed that 17 (85%) of total P. aeruginosa isolates were biofilm producers; however, 5 (25%) isolates were demonstrated as a strong biofilm producer. The highest MIC level (1024 μg/ml) of tested antibiotics against strong biofilm producer isolates was observed with piperacillin, however the MIC ranges of ceftazidime, gentamycin, imipenem, and levofloxacin against these isolates were reached to (256-1024 μg/ml), (32-1024 μg/ml), (8-1024 μg/ml), and (8-512 μg/ml), respectively. PS-1 was the representative isolate for strong biofilm formation and high antibiotic resistance. 16S rRNA gene analysis suggested that PS-1 (accession No. MN619678) was identified as a strain of P. aeruginosa POA1. Pomegranate and rosemary extracts were the most effective extracts in biofilm inhibition, which significantly inhibited 91.93 and 90.83% of PS-1 biofilm, respectively. Notably, the synergism between both plant extracts and antibiotics has significantly reduced the MICs of used antibiotics at the level lower than the susceptibility breakpoints. Pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations achieved the highest biofilm eradication, which ranging from 90.0 to 99.6%, followed by the eradication ranges of pomegranate/rosemary combination, rosemary, and pomegranate extracts, which reached to (76.5-85.4%), (53.1-73.7%), and (41.2-71.5%), respectively. The findings suggest that pomegranate/rosemary/antibiotic combinations may be an effective therapeutic agent for antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa.

UHPLC-ESI-OT-MS Phenolics Profiling, Free Radical Scavenging, Antibacterial and Nematicidal Activities of “Yellow-Brown Resins” from Larrea spp.

“…On the other hand, the combined use of plant extracts with commercial antibiotics is an alternative against microbial infections [ 45 , 46 ]. The potential of Larrea resins in combination with cefotaxime for the development of a new antimicrobial source useful for the treatment of infections associated to MSSA and MRSA, was evaluated using the checkerboard design ( Figure S1 ).…”

Antibiofilm effects of pomegranate peel extracts against B. cereus, B. subtilis, and E. faecalis

“…Obtained results from this study were supported by a recent study conducted by Abu El‐Wafa et al . (2020) which revealed that the ethanol extracts of pomegranate peels were effective for control of biofilms due to the presence of phytochemical compounds. It was reported that pomegranate peel extracts inhibited Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms by up to 91.93% by reducing > 95% their swarming and twitching motilities.…”

Inhibition of Cronobacter Sakazakii Biofilm Formation and Expression of Virulence Factors by Coenzyme Q0

“…Cellulose is an important component of the extracellular matrix of C. sakazakii bio lms and is essential for bio lm formation [43]. Previous studies have shown that cell-free supernatants derived from goat milk-origin lactobacilli cultures can prevent the formation of C. sakazakii bio lms [44], while pomegranate and rosemary extracts were shown to have a synergistic effect in combination with traditional antibiotics against bio lm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa [45]. Shi et al (2018) reported that thymequinone signi cantly inhibited the bio lm formation of C. sakazakii by reducing the production of cellulose [33].…”