Synergistic effect of intumescent flame retardant system consisting of hexophenoxy cyclotriphosphazene and ammonium polyphosphate on methyl ethyl silicone rubber

Qi, Jiajia; Wen, Qiye; Zhu, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2019.04.053

Cited by 21 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, EVA is flammable and releases CO gas during burning [2]. In recent years, layered double hydroxides (LDHs) and intumescent flame retardants (IFRs) have been used to increase the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of the EVA matrix [3,4]. The LDH is composed of positively charged brucite-like layers, meanwhile containing charge-compensating anions and water molecules in the interlayer gallery [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer has been used extensively in many fields. However, EVA is flammable and releases CO gas during burning. In this work, a composite flame retardant with ammonium polyphosphate (APP), a charring–foaming agent (CFA), and a layered double hydroxide (LDH) containing rare-earth elements (REEs) was obtained and used to improve the flame retardancy, thermal stability, and smoke suppression for an EVA matrix. The thermal analysis showed that the maximum thermal degradation temperature of all composites increased by more than 37 °C compared with that of pure EVA. S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA could achieve self-extinguishing behavior according to the UL-94 tests (V-0 rating). The peak heat release rate (pk-HRR) indicated that all LDHs containing REEs obviously reduced the fire strength in comparison with S-MgAl. In particular, pk-HRR of S-LaMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA, S-CeMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA and S-NdMgAl/APP/CFA/EVA were all decreased by more than 82% in comparison with pure EVA. Furthermore, the total heat release (THR), smoke production rate (SPR), and production rate of CO (COP) also decreased significantly. The average mass loss rate (AMLR) confirmed that the flame retardant exerted an effect in the condensed phase of the composites. Meanwhile, the combination of APP, CFA, and LDH containing REEs allowed the EVA matrix to maintain good mechanical properties.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

Liu

et al. 2020

Materials

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“…However, some different pyrolysis products are observed in PA6/APP and PA6/SP‐APP‐3 in contrast with PA6 such as PO containing compounds (1076 cm −1 ) ascribed to PO· free radicals and NH 3 (963 and 919 cm −1 ) owing to the addition of APP or SP‐APP. NH 3 released from APP helps to reinforce the flame retardancy of PA6 matrix via diluting the concentration of combustible gasses, while the generation of PO· free radicals can quench the free radical chain reaction of PA6 matrix, and then inhibit the combustion process in gas phase 17,29,31 . With regards to PA6/APP and PA6/SP‐APP‐3, no visible difference is found for the types of the released pyrolysis volatiles during heating from FTIR spectra in Figure 9D.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel organic‐inorganic flame retardant of ammonium polyphosphate chemically coated by Schiff base‐containing branched polysiloxane for polyamide 6

Fan

Sun

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A novel organic-inorganic flame retardant (SP-APP) was first designed by coating ammonium polyphosphate (APP) with Schiff base-containing branched polysiloxane via ion exchange reaction and dehydration-condensation. High water resistance and charring capacity of the SP-APP greatly overcame the poor water resistance of APP and endowed polyamide 6 (PA6) with excellent flame retardancy and anti-dripping. The prepared PA6/SP-APP composite with 12 wt% of SP-APP reached the highest limited oxygen index (LOI) of 32.5% and passed V-0 rating of UL-94 test with nondripping, while PA6 and PA6/APP with 12 wt% of APP failed to pass the UL-94 test. A sharp reduction of 50.9% in peak heat release rate (PHRR) and 29.4% in total heat release (THR) was found for PA6/SP-APP in contrast with PA6. The working mechanism of SP-APP in enhancing the flame retardancy of PA6 was also explored intensively and the synergistic effects of catalytic degradation of APP, self-crosslinking behavior of Schiff base structure and thermo-oxidative degradation of branched polysiloxane contributed to the improvement of flame retardancy of PA6/SP-APP.

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“…To endow SR with flame retardancy, physical blending with flame retardant is an effective, low‐cost, and simple method in industrial applications 1,9,10 . Generally, halogen‐, nitrogen‐, phosphorus‐nitrogen‐, halogen‐phosphorus‐, aluminum‐magnesium‐, and silicon‐containing compounds are the commonly‐used flame retardants 11,12 . How to reduce the emissions of smoke and toxicity of combustion products, should be paid enough attention 13 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal aging properties of flame retardant silicone rubber based on melamine cyanurate

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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In this work, an efficient preparation method for flame retardant silicon rubbers (FRSR) was established with using melamine cyanurate (MCA) as flame retardants. In order to analyze the thermal aging mechanisms and flame retardancy of FRSR, cone calorimetric test (CCT), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectra were performed. Results indicated that the aging time significantly decreases the tensile strength and the elongation at break. SEM images revealed that the porous surface of the aged FRSR provide diffusion path for heat and oxygen, which resulted in a continuously increase in Shore A hardness due to the increase of cross-linking density during the aging process. FTIR spectra further proved that the MCA is well-embedded into samples and crosslinking reaction between free radicals of silicone rubber (SR) and oxygen was occurring during the aging process. Besides, CCT results showed that all FRSR samples before and after thermal aging exhibit excellent flame retardancy with compact and stable char residue layers, effectively hindering the heat transfer and oxygen diffusion. It was expected that our findings could provide important information to fabricate SR with flame retardancy and outstanding longterm thermal-aging resistance. K E Y W O R D S ageing, degradation, mechanical properties, thermal properties 1 | INTRODUCTION Compared with general organic rubbers, silicone rubber (SR) shows excellent temperature resistance, electrical insulation, high breathability, dielectric properties, and weather resistance due to its Si-O bond on main chain with side groups including methyl, vinyl, and phenyl. 1-5 Over the past decades, SR materials have been widely used in various areas, such as medical and health, aerospace, wire and cable, automotive industry, architecture, and so on. 6-8 However, SR is flammable and can keep burning when exposed to open flames, which limits its application in the field of electronic appliances.

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Synergistic effect of intumescent flame retardant system consisting of hexophenoxy cyclotriphosphazene and ammonium polyphosphate on methyl ethyl silicone rubber

Cited by 21 publications

References 8 publications

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

Highly Efficient Composite Flame Retardants for Improving the Flame Retardancy, Thermal Stability, Smoke Suppression, and Mechanical Properties of EVA

A novel organic‐inorganic flame retardant of ammonium polyphosphate chemically coated by Schiff base‐containing branched polysiloxane for polyamide 6

Thermal aging properties of flame retardant silicone rubber based on melamine cyanurate

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