Synergistic Effect of Combined Antibiotic and Methanol Extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf Against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Abstract

A total of seventy-five medical specimens were collected from different patients admitted to Zagazig university hospital, Egypt. The selected bacterial isolates were distributed as 45 Gram negative bacterial isolates and 30 Gram positive bacterial isolates. The most effective antibiotic was gentamycin followed by amikacin and nitrofurantoin. The multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial isolates were selected and identified to four groups; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The selected isolates were screened for their capability of biofilm, hemolysins, lecithinase and protease production. S. aureus AM23 and P. aeruginosa AM41 were selected as the highest biofilm and degrading enzymes producers. Furthermore, twenty-four methanolic and aqueous crude extracts derived from different medicinal plants in Egypt were screened for their antibacterial activity against both selected MDR strains. Methanolic extract of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaf showed the greatest effect on the tested bacteria. Also, there was a synergistic effect of combined E. camaldulensis leaf extract and antibiotics (Gentamycin and Ceftriaxone) against tested organisms. Transmission electron microscopy showed changes in cell shapes, size, contents and cell envelop of antimicrobials treated bacterial cells compared to the control. Our findings proved that the leaf extracts of E. camaldulensis had great potential as antimicrobial agents in the treatment of infectious organisms.

Antimicrobial activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn. plant extracts and essential oils: A review

“…Similarily, the increase of β-lactamase produing MRSA and E. coli sensitivity to cephalexin, cefuroxime, amoxicillin, and ampicillin has been obtained through combination with E. camaldulensis EOs (Chaves et al, 2018). Synergistic activity has been recorded between E. camaldulensis plant extracts and gentamicin or ceftriaxone against MDR S. aureus and P. aeruginosa (Reda et al, 2017;Ibrahim et al, 2014), as well as in combination with ampicillin against S. aureus (Ibrahim et al, 2014).…”

“…Minimal inhibitory concentrations in most studies were in range 0.07-0.5% indicating moderately high activity against this bacterium. Beside S. aureus, antibacterial effect was confirmed against B. subtilis (0.17-0.34%), M. luteus (0.2-0.4%), and S. pyogenes (0.4-1.1%) Akin et al, 2010;Knezevic et al, 2016;Khubeiz et al, 2016;Reda et al, 2017;Ostad Asiaei et al, 2018). Activity of EOs was examined aginst L. monocytogenes in only one study and MIC was not obtained with the highest used concentration of 1.0%, and the same was reported for Enterococcus durans (Akin et al, 2010).…”

Incidence of Virulent factors in Staphylococci isolated from clinical and foods specimens in Egypt

“…Also, El-Zawahry et al (2013) reported that the most effective antibiotic for clinical bacterial isolates was amikacin (80%) followed by nitrofurantoin and norfloxacin with susceptibility percentage, 76.25% and 71.25%, respectively. Reda et al (2017) reported that gentamycin (76%) was the most effective antibiotic against clinical bacterial isolates followed by amikacin and nitrofurantoin. Nunes et al (2015) reported that the CNS strains isolated from commercial and artisanal salami showed multi-resistance to several antimicrobials of therapeutic importance in both human and veterinarian medicine, such as β-lactams, vancomycin, and linezolid.…”

Антибактериальные Свойства Растительных Экстрактов И Их Комбинаций С Антибиотиками В Отношении Экстремально-Антибиотикорезистентных Микроорганизмов

“…В работе F.M. Reda выявлен синергидный антибактериальный эффект метанолового экстракта из листьев E. camaldulensis в сочетании с гентамицином или цефтриаксоном в отношении штаммов S. aureus и P. aeruginosa, антибактериальная активность в отношении A. baumannii авторами не исследовалась [14]. Заслуживает внимания выраженная бактерицидная активность дербенника иволистного (Lythrum salicaria) в отношении A. baumannii и P. aeruginosa, выявленная в работе E. Guclu [8].…”

“…Одним из перспективных направлений является изучение фармакодинамических взаимодействий вторичных метаболитов расте-ний с антибактериальной активностью и АМП. Описан ряд сочетаний растительных экстрактов и АМП, оказывающих синергидный (взаимно усиливающий) эффект при совместном воздействии на бактериальную клетку [5,14].…”