Synergistic action of prolactin and androgen on the cloacal glands of the newt

Kikuyama, Sakaé; Nakano, R; Yasumasu, Ikuo

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(75)90061-4

Cited by 55 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The amphibian urinary bladder is endodermal in origin, formed as a ventral diverticulum of the cloacal glands (Bentley, 1966). It is interesting then, that the cloaca1 glands of another amphibian, the newt, enlarge following the administration of androgen (Kikuyama et al, 1975). These workers found that combined injections of both prolactin and testosterone proprionate resulted in an even greater enlargement than did either hormone alone.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seasonal variations in the fine structure of the Necturus maculosus urinary bladder epithelium: Low transporters and high transporters

Karnaky¹,

Lau²,

Garretson³

et al. 1984

Am. J. Anat.

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Although the urinary bladder of Necturus maculosus provides an important model system for studying the mechanisms of active Na absorption, little critical attention has been paid to the fine structure of its epithelium. Moreover, two distinct groups of urinary bladders, low and high Na transporters, have been described based on short-circuit current or transepithelial potential difference. In the present study, over an 11-month period, stable electrical parameters (short-circuit current, transepithelial potential difference, and resistance) were recorded from 63 chamber-mounted bladders. Analysis of these parameters revealed a highly significant difference between two groups (low transporters and high transporters) occurring at different times of the year. Consistent with these data, in urine collected from the bladders, the Na concentration in low transporters was significantly higher than that in high transporters. A subpopulation of these bladders was subsequently fixed and examined at the light and/or electron microscopic level. Low-transporting bladders were characterized unequivocally by a thin, stratified squamous epithelium only 6-15 micron thick. High-transporting bladders were composed predominantly of columnar-shaped granular cells up to 70 micron in height, with ciliated, mitochondria-rich, and basal cells present in small numbers. There is thus a correlation between transport activity, as measured by electrophysiological techniques and urine sodium analysis, and the structure of the tissue. Moreover, these parameters exhibit significant seasonal variation, the underlying mechanisms of which remain obscure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Seasonal variations in the fine structure of the Necturus maculosus urinary bladder epithelium: Low transporters and high transporters

Karnaky¹,

Lau²,

Garretson³

et al. 1984

Am. J. Anat.

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“…Prolactin and androgen together have been shown to induce development of cloacal glands in the juvenile red-bellied newt and tiger salamander (Kikuyama et al, 1975, Norris et al, 1989. The lateral gland of the cloaca is responsible for creating spermatophores, packets of semen deposited in the female during fertilization (Noble, 1954).…”

Section: Prolactin and Androgen's Role In Development Of Secondary Sementioning

confidence: 99%

Prolactin opens the sensitive period for androgen regulation of a larynx-specific myosin heavy chain gene

et al. 1999

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The larynx of Xenopus laevis is a sexually differentiated vocal organ in which male muscle is entirely fast twitch and expresses high levels of a fast twitch myosin heavy chain gene, LM. Female muscle, however, is mostly slow twitch and expresses little LM. Androgen is unable to induce expression of LM until after metamorphosis is complete. The expression of LM during metamorphic and early postmetamorphic development parallels secretion and expression of the pituitary hormone prolactin. Here, we show that exposure to prolactin is neccessary to allow androgen‐induced LM expression in postmetamorphic froglets. In prolactin‐deprived animals, androgen‐induced changes in the contactile properties of laryngeal muscle are blocked, which prevents the rapid rates of muscle contraction required for males to produce courtship songs. Thus, prolactin opens the sensitive period for androgen‐induced LM expression in the larynx and controls the ability of male sex hormones to masculinize the vocal system both at the level of gene expression and vocal organ physiology. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Neurobiol 41: 443–451, 1999

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“…In male newts, prolactin and steroid hormones (20,29) control the growth of alveoli. Dopamine affects prolactin production (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endosulfan exposure disrupts pheromonal systems in the red-spotted newt: a mechanism for subtle effects of environmental chemicals.

Park

Hempleman

Propper

2001

Environ Health Perspect

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Because chemicals introduced into the environment by humans can affect both long-term survivorship and reproduction of amphibians, discovering the specific mechanisms through which these chemicals act may facilitate the development of plans for amphibian conservation. We investigated the amphibian pheromonal system as a potential target of common environmental chemicals. By treating female red-spotted newts, Notophthalmus viridescens, to a commonly used insecticide, endosulfan, we found that the pheromonal system is highly susceptible to low-concentration exposure. The impairment of the pheromonal system directly led to disrupted mate choice and lowered mating success. There were no other notable physiologic or behavioral changes demonstrated by the animals at the insecticide concentrations administered. Our findings suggest that the amphibian pheromonal system is one of the systems subject to subtle negative effects of environmental chemicals.

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Synergistic action of prolactin and androgen on the cloacal glands of the newt

Cited by 55 publications

References 3 publications

Seasonal variations in the fine structure of the Necturus maculosus urinary bladder epithelium: Low transporters and high transporters

Seasonal variations in the fine structure of the Necturus maculosus urinary bladder epithelium: Low transporters and high transporters

Prolactin opens the sensitive period for androgen regulation of a larynx-specific myosin heavy chain gene

Endosulfan exposure disrupts pheromonal systems in the red-spotted newt: a mechanism for subtle effects of environmental chemicals.

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