Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X)/MAO catalytic systems

Skupiński, Wincenty; Niciński, K.

doi:10.1002/aoc.197

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…CpTiCl 2 (OC 6 H 4 Cl)/MAO catalyst was more active at 70°C, because it is more stable at higher temperatures than other catalysts investigated [16]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

et al. 2005

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Cyclopentadienyl-titanium complexes containing –OC6H4X ligands (X = Cl, CH3) activated with methylaluminoxane (MAO) were used in the homo-polymerization of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-butene, and 1-hexene, and also in co-polymerization of ethylene with the α-olefins mentioned. The -X substituents exhibit different electron donor-acceptor properties, which is described by Hammett’s factor (σ). The chlorine atom is electron acceptor, while the methyl group is electron donor. These catalysts allow the preparation of polyethylene in a good yield. Propylene in the presence of the catalysts mentioned dimerizes and oligomerizes to trimers and tetramers at 25°C under normal pressure. If the propylene pressure was increased to 7 atmospheres, CpTiCl2(OC6H4CH3)/MAO catalyst at 25°C gave mixtures with different contents of propylene dimers, trimers and tetramers. At 70°C we obtained only propylene trimer. Using the catalysts with a -OC6H4Cl ligand we obtained atactic polymers with Mw 182,000 g/mol (at 25°C) and 100,000 g/mol (at 70°C). The superior activity of the CpTiCl2(OC6H4Cl)/MAO catalyst used in polymerization of propylene prompted us to check its activity in polymerization of higher α-olefins (1-butene, 1-pentene, 1-hexene) and in co-polymerization of these olefins with ethylene. However, when homo-polymerization was carried out in the presence of this catalyst no polymers were obtained. Gas chromatography analysis revealed the presence of dimers. The activity of the CpTiCl2(OC6H4Cl)/MAO catalyst in the co-polymerization of ethylene with higher α-olefins is limited by the length of the co-monomer carbon chain. Hence, the highest catalyst activities were observed in co-polymerization of ethylene with propylene (here a lower pressure of the reagents and shorter reaction time were applied to obtain catalytic activity similar to that for other co-monomers). For other co-monomers the activity of the catalyst decreases as follows: propylene >1-butene > 1-pentene >> 1-hexene. In the case of co-polymerization of ethylene with propylene, besides an increase in catalytic activity, an increase in the average molecular weight Mw of the polymer was observed. Other co-monomers used in this study caused a decrease of molecular weight. A significant increase in molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) evidences a great variety of polymer chains formed during the reaction.

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“…CpTiCl 2 (OC 6 H 4 Cl)/MAO catalyst was more active at 70°C, because it is more stable at higher temperatures than other catalysts investigated [16]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our previous results [15,16] and theoretical considerations [17] indicate that Ti(III) ions are responsible for syndiotactic styrene polymerization in hemititanocene catalytic systems. The theoretical considerations claimed that olefin polymerization runs also in the presence of Ti(IV) ions in these systems [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

et al. 2005

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“…Due to the inelastic interaction with matter, swift heavy ions leave a trail of changed material along its path through the medium. There are two main mechanisms responsible for this process [4]: the passing ion transfers its energy to electrons by inelastic collisions, causing their ejection from the atoms. During the electron explosion, the core ions gain kinetic energy due to a repulsive Coulomb interaction which forces them to move away from the core Coulomb explosion introducing defects and vacancies in the material; the energy from a projectile ion deposits rstly in the electron subsystem and subsequently relaxed to the lattice subsystem * corresponding author; e-mail: denysmyroniuk@gmail.com through electronphonon coupling, leading to a large local temperature increase.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swift Xe²⁶⁺Ion Irradiation Effect on Luminescent Properties of Undoped and Cd-Doped ZnO Films

et al. 2014

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Here we report the eect of the irradiation by 167 MeV Xe 26+ ions (in the uence range up to 3×10 12 ions/cm 2 ) on the undoped and Cd-doped (0.4, 0.5 at.%) ZnO lms deposited by radiofrequency magnetron sputtering.As-grown and irradiated samples were investigated by cathodoluminescence spectroscopy. It was found that the radiation causes a decrease in intensity of luminescent peaks and a redistribution of the radiative recombination channels. We revealed that the cadmium incorporation into ZnO lattice enhances the radiation resistance of ZnO lm.

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Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization in Aliphatic Solvents Catalyzed by FluTi(OⁱPr)₃/MAO: Study of Polymerization Conditions

Lugo

Charles

Pérez

et al. 2009

Macromolecular Symposia

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Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in aliphatic solvents (hexane and cyclohexane) and aliphatic solvent/toluene mixtures was evaluated using a previously reported catalytic system formed by FluTi(OiPr)3/MAO in order to evaluate polymerization reaction conditions and their effect on polymer tacticity. Highly syndiotactic polystyrene was produced indistinctly using pure aliphatic solvent or mixtures with toluene. On the other hand, the effect of polymerization conditions such as temperature, catalyst precursor and styrene concentrations, Al/Ti ratio and aliphatic solvent/toluene ratio over catalytic activity were analyzed.

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Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of CpTiCl₂(OC₆H₄X)/MAO catalytic systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

Swift Xe²⁶⁺Ion Irradiation Effect on Luminescent Properties of Undoped and Cd-Doped ZnO Films

Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization in Aliphatic Solvents Catalyzed by FluTi(OⁱPr)₃/MAO: Study of Polymerization Conditions

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Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X)/MAO catalytic systems

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

Homo-polymerization of α-Olefins and Co-polymerization of Higher α-Olefins with Ethylene in the Presence of CpTiCl2(OC6H4X-p)/MAO Catalysts (X = CH3, Cl)

Swift Xe26+Ion Irradiation Effect on Luminescent Properties of Undoped and Cd-Doped ZnO Films

Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization in Aliphatic Solvents Catalyzed by FluTi(OiPr)3/MAO: Study of Polymerization Conditions

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Syndiotactic polymerization of styrene in the presence of CpTiCl₂(OC₆H₄X)/MAO catalytic systems

Swift Xe²⁶⁺Ion Irradiation Effect on Luminescent Properties of Undoped and Cd-Doped ZnO Films

Syndiospecific Styrene Polymerization in Aliphatic Solvents Catalyzed by FluTi(OⁱPr)₃/MAO: Study of Polymerization Conditions