Synchrotron SAXS to probe cross-linked network of polyamide ‘reverse osmosis’ and ‘nanofiltration’ membranes

Singh, P.S.; Ray, Paramita; Xie, Zongli; Hoang, Manh

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2012.06.029

Cited by 54 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…9). [59][60][61] During the measurements, the incident sources (e.g., X-ray or neutron) are scattered by the electrons (X-ray) or the nuclei (neutron) to generate corresponding signals (Fig. 9A).…”

Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9E). 60,61 Prior to the scattering experiments, freshly-prepared polyamide films are either loaded into a small quartz capillary, 61 or ground into small flakes and dispersed in water as a colloidal-like suspension. 60 Integration of 2D scattering pattern results in a 1D scattering profile (schematic illustrated in Fig.…”

Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9F), which could be divided into three regions for respective analysis. 61 In the Guinier region (extremely low q), scattering intensity, I, is proportional to the concentration of the system and thus independent of q. At a higher q, the correlation of I with q could provide information on polyamide chain structure, including larger clusters or smaller primary units.…”

Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of desalination membranes by interfacial polymerization: history, current efforts, and future directions

2021

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Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indirect Non-imaging Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication of desalination membranes by interfacial polymerization: history, current efforts, and future directions

2021

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“…Specifically, both these swelling ratios indicate that the network expands to nearly 40 % relative to the dry state, which is quite substantial when considering that these polymer films are highly crosslinked materials. Additionally, these results suggest that current measurements used to probe the free volume of these materials in the dry state [14][15][16] may not be the most appropriate.…”

Section: à ámentioning

confidence: 99%

Swelling of ultrathin crosslinked polyamide water desalination membranes

Chan

Young

Lee

et al. 2012

J Polym Sci B Polym Phys

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ABSTRACT:We study the water swelling behavior of semiaromatic crosslinked polyamide (PA) ultrathin films to characterize the network properties of the polymer. Specifically, we use Xray reflectivity to measure film thickness increase and polymer density decrease of the PA films due to swelling. With the aid of a modified Flory-Rehner theory used to describe the constrained swelling behavior of polymer networks, we are able to extract the Flory interaction parameter and the monomer units between crosslinks by performing the swelling experiments at different levels of hydration.

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“…A small angle x-ray scattering spectrometer (SAXS, Anton Paar, Graz, Austria) was used to compare the TFC and TFN membranes and to describe the structure variation due to alkyl-silica NPs doping in the PA rejection layer [ 30 , 31 , 32 ]. As described above, DMF was used to dissolve the PSF supporting layer and to isolate the PA layer.…”

Section: Experiments and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facile Fabrication of High-Performance Thin Film Nanocomposite Desalination Membranes Imbedded with Alkyl Group-Capped Silica Nanoparticles

Wang

et al. 2020

Polymers

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The advantages of thin film nanocomposite reverse osmosis (TFN-RO) membranes have been demonstrated by numerous studies within the last decade. This study proposes a facile and novel method to tune the microscale and nanoscale structures, which has good potential to fabricate high-performance TFN-RO membranes. This method involves the addition of alkyl capped silica nanoparticles (alkyl-silica NPs) into the organic phase during interfacial polymerization (IP). We discovered for the first time that the high concentration alkyl-silica NPs in organic solvent isopar-G can limit the diffusion of MPD molecules at the interface, therefore shaping the intrinsic thickness and microstructures of the PA layer. Moreover, the alkyl group modification greatly reduces the NPs agglomeration and increases the compatibility between the NPs and the PA matrix. We further demonstrate that the doping of alkyl-silica NPs impacts the performance of the TFN-RO membrane by affecting intrinsic thickness, higher surface area, hydrophobic plugging effect, and higher surface charge by a series of characterization. At brackish water desalination conditions (2000 ppm NaCl, 1.55 MPa), the optimal brackish water flux was 55.3 L/m2∙h, and the rejection was maintained at 99.6%, or even exceeded this baseline. At seawater desalination conditions (32,000 ppm NaCl, 5.5 MPa), the optimized seawater flux reached 67.7 L/m2∙h, and the rejection was sustained at 99.4%. Moreover, the boron rejection was elevated by 11%, which benefits from a hydrophobic plugging effect of the alkyl groups.

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Synchrotron SAXS to probe cross-linked network of polyamide ‘reverse osmosis’ and ‘nanofiltration’ membranes

Cited by 54 publications

References 37 publications

Fabrication of desalination membranes by interfacial polymerization: history, current efforts, and future directions

Fabrication of desalination membranes by interfacial polymerization: history, current efforts, and future directions

Swelling of ultrathin crosslinked polyamide water desalination membranes

Facile Fabrication of High-Performance Thin Film Nanocomposite Desalination Membranes Imbedded with Alkyl Group-Capped Silica Nanoparticles

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