Synchronizing the Availability of Amino Acids and Glucose Decreases Fat Retention in Heavy Preruminant Calves

Borne, J.J.G.C. van den; Verstegen, M.W.A.; Alferink, S.J.J.; Ass, Frank H. M. van; Gerrits, W.J.J.

doi:10.1093/jn/136.8.2181

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In milk-fed calves, nutrient asynchrony did not decrease protein retention (Van den Borne et al, 2006). In non-growing subjects, protein utilization generally decreases with nutrient asynchrony.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The consequences of a (virtually) complete nutrient asynchrony on protein and energy metabolism, however, remain to be determined in growing animals. Possibly, there may even be benefits of inducing nutrient asynchrony, because it was recently shown in milk-fed calves that protein utilisation was unaffected, but that fat deposition increased substantially, with increasing nutrient asynchrony ( Van den Borne et al, 2006). Therefore, effects of a (virtually) complete separation need to be studied for quantifying the potential impact of nutrient asynchrony on protein utilisation in growing animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Borne

Schrama

Heetkamp

et al. 2007

Animal

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Effects of synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose within a day on protein and energy metabolism were studied in growing pigs. Ten pigs of on average 54 (s.e. 1.0) kg live weight were assigned to each of two dietary treatments (synchronous v. asynchronous nutrient supply) in a change-over design. On the synchronous treatment (SYN), pigs received two balanced meals: one at 0800 h and one at 1600 h. On the asynchronous treatment (ASYN), pigs received virtually all protein at 0800 h and all carbohydrates at 1600 h. The dietary supply of ingredients and nutrients to pigs was similar for both treatments. Pigs were housed individually in respiration chambers. Faecal apparent nutrient digestibility was determined and nitrogen and energy balances were measured. Faecal apparent digestibility of energy, organic matter and non-starch polysaccharides was higher ( P , 0.05) for SYN than for ASYN. The efficiency of utilisation of digestible protein with protein gain was higher ( P ¼ 0.001) for SYN (56.7%) than for ASYN (47.1%). The substantial decrease ( P , 0.05) in respiratory quotient and 13 C enrichment of the expired CO 2 after the morning meal indicated higher amino acid oxidation for ASYN than for SYN. Heat production and energy retention as fat were not affected by nutrient synchrony. In conclusion, an asynchronous availability of glucose and amino acids within a day increases amino acid oxidation, resulting in a substantial reduction in protein utilisation but with virtually no effect on fat retention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Borne

Schrama

Heetkamp

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…12,[24][25][26][27] Moreover, the formation of micelles, which are the simplest form of amphiphilic assemblies, 28 may facilitate the microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons; 29 therefore, the bacterial growth rate increases. 31 Because the activation of Geobacillus toebii R-32639 has been adapted to SMSS medium environments to have a short lag phase, the production of biosurfactants would occur from the start of incubation to the emergence of the young varieties from 7 days. Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory simulation of microbial enhanced oil recovery using Geobacillus toebii R-32639 isolated from the Handil reservoir

2015

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Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is a biological based technology to enhance crude oil (CO) recovery at old oil wells by manipulating function or structure or both of the microbial environments existing in oil reservoirs. Even if many biosurfactant-producing microbes can be found in different environments, the ability of Geobacillus toebii R-32639 to enhance CO recovery needs to be verified. In this study, artificial cores (ACs) are used to simulate the application of MEOR by three scenarios of injecting nutrients, microbial culture and bioproducts. The use of Geobacillus toebii R-32639 as biosurfactant producer enables a lowering by 25.3% of interfacial tension and by 14.1% of CO viscosity and also enables the degrading of a 7.4-28.8% fraction of (C 12 -C 34 ) hydrocarbons after 7 days of incubation. The injection of microbial culture into a laboratory-scale CO reservoir of the AC for the desirable purpose of enhanced oil recovery could feasibly achieve an average recovery factor of 14.27% but lower by 5.50% the AC porosity and by 91.0% the AC permeability; this is the best-case scenario of the microbial core flooding (MCF) experiments. The simulation of MEOR by using bacterial strains of Geobacillus toebii R-32639 provides valuable insight into the use of MCF experiments to obtain greater oil production from existing reservoirs.

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“…In other words, for the same feed level, the most asynchronous treatment was when the calves received 85% of the daily protein supply in one meal and 15% in the other meal. Unlike in pigs, heat energy production decreased and energy retained as fat increased with decreasing nutrient synchrony (Van den Borne et al, 2006b). It was also shown that oxidative enzyme activities and intramuscular fat content increased with decreasing nutrient synchrony in skeletal muscles of the oxidative type only ( Van den Borne et al, 2007).…”

Section: Effect Of Nutrient Deliverymentioning

confidence: 98%

Responses to nutrients in farm animals: implications for production and quality

Hocquette

Tesseraud

Cassar-Malek

et al. 2007

Animal

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It is well known that any quantitative (energy and protein levels) and qualitative (nature of the diet, nutrient dynamic) changes in the feeding of animals affect metabolism. Energy expenditure and feed efficiency at the whole-body level, nutrient partitioning between and within tissues and organs and, ultimately, tissue and organ characteristics are the major regulated traits with consequences on the quality of the meat and milk produced. Recent progress in biology has brought to light important biological mechanisms which explain these observations: for instance, regulation by the nutrients of gene expression or of key metabolic enzyme activity, interaction and sometimes cross-regulation or competition between nutrients to provide free energy (ATP) to living cells, indirect action of nutrients through a complex hormonal action, and, particularly in herbivores, interactions between trans-fatty acids produced in the rumen and tissue metabolism. One of the main targets of this nutritional regulation is a modification of tissue insulin sensitivity and hence of insulin action. In addition, the nutritional control of mitochondrial activity (and hence of nutrient catabolism) is another major mechanism by which nutrients may affect body composition and tissue characteristics. These regulations are of great importance in the most metabolically active tissues (the digestive tract and the liver) and may have undesirable (i.e. diabetes and obesity in humans) or desirable consequences (such as the production of fatty liver by ducks and geese, and the production of fatty and hence tasty meat or milk with an adapted fatty acid profile).

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Synchronizing the Availability of Amino Acids and Glucose Decreases Fat Retention in Heavy Preruminant Calves

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Synchronising the availability of amino acids and glucose increases protein retention in pigs

Laboratory simulation of microbial enhanced oil recovery using Geobacillus toebii R-32639 isolated from the Handil reservoir

Responses to nutrients in farm animals: implications for production and quality

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