Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2

Freni, Francesco; Meduri, Alessandro; Gazia, Francesco; Nicastro, Viviana; Galletti, C; Aragona, Pasquale; Galletti, Bruno; Galletti, Francesco

doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102612

Cited by 136 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…When the time of onset of the disease was considered, approximately 40% of patients reported developing smell dysfunction before the other COVID-19 symptoms, 46% together with other symptoms, and 14% of patients after the other COVID-19 symptoms. Dysgeusia and xerostomia persisted in 8% and 2% of cases after COVID-19 resolution, respectively [ 17 ]. A large systematic review aimed to describe the clinical presentation and assess the prevalence of olfactory, and taste disorders in 1457 patients coming from China, Europe, UK, and USA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

Fantozzi

Pampena

Vanna

et al. 2020

American Journal of Otolaryngology

100

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Background The novel Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) continues to have profound effect on global health. Our aim was to evaluate the prevalence and characterize specific symptoms associated with COVID-19. Methods This retrospective study included 326 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection evaluated at the Emergency Department of the Umberto I Polyclinic Hospital, Rome, Italy between March 6th and April 30th, 2020. In order to assess xerostomia, olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions secondary to COVID-19, a telephone-based a modified survey obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014 for taste and smell disorders and the Fox Questionnaire for dry mouth were administered to 111 patients (34%) after discharge between June 4th and June 12th. Results Taste dysfunction was the most common reported symptom (59.5%; n = 66), followed by xerostomia (45.9%; n = 51) and olfactory dysfunctions (41.4%; n = 46). The most severe symptom was olfactory dysfunction with a median severity score of 8.5 (range: 5–10). Overall 74.5% ( n = 38) of patients with xerostomia, 78.8% ( n = 52) of patients with gustatory dysfunctions and 71.1% ( n = 33) of patients with olfactory dysfunctions reported that all symptoms appeared before COVID-19 diagnosis. Overall, the majority of patients reported one symptom only (45.9%, n = 51), 37 (33.3%) reported the association of two symptoms, and 23 (20.7%) patients reported the association of three symptoms at the same time. Conclusion Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions may present as a prodromal or as the sole manifestation of COVID-19. Awareness is fundamental to identify COVID-19 patients at an early stage of the disease and limit the spread of the virus.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

Fantozzi

Pampena

Vanna

et al. 2020

American Journal of Otolaryngology

100

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“…In fact, xerostomia has been found mainly among COVID-19 patients, due to the neuroinvasive and neurotropic potential of SARS-CoV-2. It was reported that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-positive epithelial cells of the salivary gland are an early target of SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaques, and these findings suggest that oral manifestations may appear due to impediment of salivary flow in COVID-19-affected patients [ 17 ]. In fact, a cross-sectional survey of 108 patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 in China observed that 46% of them reported dry mouth, among other symptoms [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study

Sinjari

D’Ardes

Santilli

et al. 2020

JCM

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The correlation between SARS-CoV-2 and oral manifestations is still controversial. The aim of this observational study was to determine the oral manifestation of the hospitalized patients for COVID-19. A total of 20 patients met the inclusion criteria and gave their signed informed consent. A questionnaire of 32 questions regarding the oral and systemic health condition was administrated to these patients during the convalescence. A descriptive statistic was performed. Data were analysed through the use of χ2 test, to assess the statistical significance. A statistically significant increase of about 30% of reporting xerostomia during hospitalization was observed (p = 0.02). Meanwhile, a decrease of oral hygiene was observed during the hospitalization, even if a non-statistically significant difference was shown between the two study time points (before and after hospitalization). During the hospitalization period, 25% of patients reported impaired taste, 15% burning sensation, and 20% difficulty in swallowing. An interesting result was that among the systemic conditions, hypertension was observed in 39% of patients and mostly in female patients (62.5%). Further studies are necessary to better understand the symptoms of this new virus in order to faster detect its presence in humans. Probably, a multidisciplinary team following the COVID-19 patients could be of key importance in treating this disease.

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Regional and Chronological Variation of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Meta-Analysis

Kim

Han

et al. 2021

J Korean Med Sci

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Background: Olfactory and gustatory dysfunction are frequently reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 . However, the reported prevalence of olfactory and/or gustatory dysfunction varies widely, and the reason for the inter-study differences is unclear. Hence, in this meta-analysis, we performed subgroup analyses to investigate the factors that contribute to the inter-study variability in the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction. Methods: Out of 943 citations, we included 55 eligible studies with 13,527 patients with COVID-19 for a meta-analysis. Calculating the data extracted from each study, the weighted summary prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction was estimated using a Freeman-Tukey transformation with models based on random-effects assumptions. A meta-analysis of variance compared the prevalence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction according to regional, chronological, demographic, and methodologic factors, respectively. Results: The overall pooled prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were 51.4% and 47.5%, respectively, in the random-effect model. In subgroup analyses, the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction were significantly different among four geographical regions (both P < 0.001, respectively). Although the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction did not significantly differ according to the time of enrollment, the subgroup analyses including only studies from the same geographical region (Europe) revealed a significant difference in olfactory dysfunction according to the time of enrollment. Conclusion: The regional and chronological differences in the prevalence rates of olfactory and gustatory dysfunctions partly explain the wide inter-study variability.

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Symptomatology in head and neck district in coronavirus disease (COVID-19): A possible neuroinvasive action of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 136 publications

References 44 publications

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

Xerostomia, gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions in patients with COVID-19

SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study

Regional and Chronological Variation of Chemosensory Dysfunction in COVID-19: a Meta-Analysis

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