SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study

Sinjari, Bruna; D’Ardes, Damiano; Santilli, Manlio; Rexhepi, Imena; D’Addazio, Gianmaria; Carlo, Piero Di; Chiacchiaretta, Piero; Caputi, Sergio; Cipollone, Francesco

doi:10.3390/jcm9103218

Cited by 77 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In COVID-19, the impaired salivary gland secretions are often associated with xerostomia and taste loss (69). Xerostomia is the subjective complaint of oral dryness, while salivary gland hypofunction is an objective matter characterized by reduced salivary flow (70,71).…”

Section: Role Of Saliva In Covid-19 Pathogenicity and Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Mucosa, Saliva, and COVID-19 Infection in Oral Health Care

Atukorallaya

Ratnayake

2021

Front. Med.

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The SARS-CoV-2 virus has shaken the globe with an ongoing pandemic of COVID-19 and has set challenges to every corner of the modern health care setting. The oral mucosa and saliva are high risk sites for higher viral loads and dental health care professionals are considered a high risk group. COVID-19-induced oral lesions and loss of taste and smell are common clinical complaints in the dental health care setting. The SARS-CoV-2 virus has been found to cause a wide range of non-specific oral mucosal lesions, but the specific diagnosis of these mucocutaneous lesions as COVID-19 lesions will facilitate the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 in dental health care settings and aid in proper patient management. The reported loss of taste and smell needs further investigation at the receptor level as it will give new insights into SARS-CoV-2 pathogenicity. The high yield of virus in the salivary secretion is a common finding in this infection and ongoing research is focusing on developing saliva as a rapid diagnostic fluid in COVID-19. In this review, we discuss the significance of oral mucosa, saliva and the relevance of the COVID-19 pandemic in dentistry.

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Section: Role Of Saliva In Covid-19 Pathogenicity and Disease Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Mucosa, Saliva, and COVID-19 Infection in Oral Health Care

Atukorallaya

Ratnayake

2021

Front. Med.

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“…The current evidence indicates that a substantial portion of patients with COVID-19 develop dysphagia during the course of the disease [ 3 – 5 ]. In particular, dysphagia appears frequent among patients admitted to intensive care due to COVID-19 infection [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of dysphagia and laryngeal findings in COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU—An observational clinical study

et al. 2021

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Background Dysphagia appears to be common in patients with severe COVID-19. Information about the characteristics of dysphagia and laryngeal findings in COVID-19 patients treated in the intensive care unit (ICU) is still limited. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate oropharyngeal swallowing function and laryngeal appearance and function in patients with severe COVID-19. Method A series of 25 ICU patients with COVID-19 and signs of dysphagia were examined with fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) during the latter stage of ICU care or after discharge from the ICU. Swallowing function and laryngeal findings were assessed with standard rating scales from video recordings. Results Pooling of secretions was found in 92% of patients. Eleven patients (44%) showed signs of silent aspiration to the trachea on at least one occasion. All patients showed residue after swallowing to some degree both in the vallecula and hypopharynx. Seventy-six percent of patients had impaired vocal cord movement. Erythema of the vocal folds was found in 60% of patients and edema in the arytenoid region in 60%. Conclusion Impairment of oropharyngeal swallowing function and abnormal laryngeal findings were common in this series of patients with severe COVID-19 treated in the ICU. To avoid complications related to dysphagia in this patient group, it seems to be of great importance to evaluate the swallowing function as a standard procedure, preferably at an early stage, before initiation of oral intake. Fiberendoscopic evaluation of swallowing is preferred due to the high incidence of pooling of secretion in the hypopharynx, silent aspiration, and residuals. Further studies of the impact on swallowing function in short- and long-term in patients with COVID-19 are warranted.

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“…Poor oral health may adversely influence other parts of the body. Recent studies showed that oral manifestations are commonly noticed in about 45% of COVID-19 patients [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Salivary glands, tonsils, and tongue are highly sensitive for SARS-CoV-2 infection [ 27 , 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Infection In Oral and Overall Body Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Oral Health: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges

Coke

Davison

Fields

et al. 2021

JCM

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The novel corona virus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and the disease it causes, COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease-2019) have had multi-faceted effects on a number of lives on a global scale both directly and indirectly. A growing body of evidence suggest that COVID-19 patients experience several oral health problems such as dry mouth, mucosal blistering, mouth rash, lip necrosis, and loss of taste and smell. Periodontal disease (PD), a severe inflammatory gum disease, may worsen the symptoms associated with COVID-19. Routine dental and periodontal treatment may help decrease the symptoms of COVID-19. PD is more prevalent among patients experiencing metabolic diseases such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. Studies have shown that these patients are highly susceptible for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress known to contribute to the development of PD and other metabolic diseases are highly elevated among COVID-19 patients. Periodontal health may help to determine the severity of COVID-19 infection. Accumulating evidence shows that African-Americans (AAs) and vulnerable populations are disproportionately susceptible to PD, metabolic diseases and COVID-19 compared to other ethnicities in the United States. Dentistry and dental healthcare professionals are particularly susceptible to this virus due to the transferability via the oral cavity and the use of aerosol creating instruments that are ubiquitous in this field. In this review, we attempt to provide a comprehensive and updated source of information about SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 and the various effects it has had on the dental profession and patients visits to dental clinics. Finally, this review is a valuable resource for the management of oral hygiene and reduction of the severity of infection.

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SARS-CoV-2 and Oral Manifestation: An Observational, Human Study

Cited by 77 publications

References 41 publications

Oral Mucosa, Saliva, and COVID-19 Infection in Oral Health Care

Oral Mucosa, Saliva, and COVID-19 Infection in Oral Health Care

Characterization of dysphagia and laryngeal findings in COVID-19 patients treated in the ICU—An observational clinical study

SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Oral Health: Therapeutic Opportunities and Challenges

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